虚拟语气专题。
英语动词可有三种不同的语气：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1. 陈述语气：陈述一个事实，或提出一个看法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
my f**orite sport is swimming. did it rain all day yesterday? what a good boy he is!
2. 祈使语气：表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。
be careful!
don’t forget to close the window. let’s go to the park this sunday.
3. 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、怀疑或推测。
if i were you, i should study english harder.(表假设) i wish every family had a house of their own. (表愿望)
the doctor advised that he (should) take exercise regularly.（表建议）
it is surprising that he should be such a foolish man. 他竟然这么愚蠢，真是令人吃惊！（表感到意外）
he can’t h**e arrived, for his car broke down on the way. 他不可能已经到了，因为他的车坏在路上。（推测）
第1讲用相应的过去时态表示“愿望”
考点1. wish之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气 hope后面跟宾语从句时，只能用陈述语气：
i hope you will h**e a good trip there.
wish后面跟从句时只能用虚拟语气，表示“愿望”，与事实相反。本来是一般现在时的，要用成一般过去时；本来是一般过去时的，要用成过去完成时。
i wish i remembered the address. ②i wish you had written to him.
i wish you would stop asking silly questions.
1. how i wish every family __a large house with a beautiful garden!
a. has b. had c. will h**e d. had had
2.—where are the children? the dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
i wish they __always late.
a. weren’t b. hadn’t been c. wouldn’t be d. wouldn’t h**e been
3. i wish i __you yesterday.
a. saw b. did see c. had seen d. were to see
4. i didn’t go to the party, but i do wish i __there.
a. was b. were c. had been d. went
考点2. if only only if 表示“只有”; if only则表示“如果……就好了”。
i wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
if only the alarm clock had rung. 要是闹钟响了就好了！
表示现在的情况，应用过去式； 如果是过去的情况，应用过去完成时态。
if only i had listened to your advice, things wouldn’t h**e gone so wrong.
5. look at the trouble i am in! if only i
___your advice.
a. followed b. would follow c. had followed d. should follow
6. if only grandmother __this together with us now.
a. will see b. could see c. must see d. should see
7. i would get it for you __i could remember who last borrowed it.
a. on condition that b. except that c. if only d. considering whether
考点3. it’s (high/about) time that…
it is (high/about) time that后谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形（should不能省略）”表示“愿望”，含有抱怨或批评之意，意为“早就该做某事了”。
it is time that the government took action.
it is about time that the government took action.
it is high time that the government took action.
it is (about high) time that the government should take action.
但不可说it is high time that the government take action.因为should不能省略。
8. it is high time the child __to the hospital.
a. is sent b. would be sent c. be sent d. was sent
9. isn’t it about time that you __to pick up the visitors from new york?
a. gone b. should go c. god. will go
10. it is time that the government __measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
a. takes b. took c. has taken d. taking
11. jack is a great talker. it’s high time that he __something instead of just talking.
a. will do b. has done c. do d. did
考点4. would rather 后跟从句时 would rather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。
表示与现在或将来相反的愿望时，从句用一般过去时。
i’d rather you came next saturday. 我宁愿你下星期六来。
i’d rather she sat next to me. 我宁愿她挨着我坐。
表示与过去相反的愿望时用过去完成时。
i’d rather i hadn’t said it. 我真希望我没有这样说过。
12. —shall we go to the movie tonight?
no, i’d rather __at home with our baby. you’d better not le**e it to the babysitter at night.
a. you stayed b. you stay c. stayed d. stay
13. frankly, i’d rather you __anything about it for the time being.
a. do b. don’t do c. didn’t do d. will not do
14. george is going to talk about the geography of his country, but i’d rather he __more on its culture.
a. focus b. focused c. would focus d. had focused
第2讲用虚拟条件句表“假设”
一般常用would，如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。常译作“将、就会”。如：
if i knew him, i would ask him for help. 如果我认识他的话，我就会向他求助。
should在虚拟条件句中用得最少，现在几乎不用。可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall，所以在虚拟语气中，理论上讲，第一人称后也可用should。但在现代英语中，特别是美语中，人们常说：
i’ll go home.或i will go home. 但很少人说i shall go home.
因此，在虚拟条件句中，should也很少用。
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