初二英语 module 1-6语法知识复习及能力提高。
时态复习:一、现在进行时态。
1. 定义:表示现在正在进行的动作。
2. 构成:be + 动词的现在分词。
1 be 随着人称、数的变化而变化。 (am, is, are
eg :he is writing a postcard . 肯定。
2 现在分词的组成形式有如下几种:
动词后面直接加 ing: doing buying playing
动词去 e 加 ing : h**ing taking giving writing
重读闭音节单词 , 双写动词最后一个字母,然后加 ing:
running swimming sitting shopping getting beginning putting ④ 特殊形式的变化:lie — lying die – dying
3. 时间状语:look, listen, now, at the moment
二、一般现在时:
1、用法。1. 表达经常性或习惯性的动作 2. 表示现在的状态。
3. 叙述一件事情 4. 叙述客观事实真理(地球围绕太阳跑 2、构成:
肯定句:主语 +动词(第三人称单数 +…
否定句:主语 +don’ t / doesn’ t +动词原形 +…
疑问句:do/ does + 主语 +动词原形 +…
特殊疑问句:疑问词 +一般疑问句 +…
例如:he often plays football on the playground.
3. 时间状语:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, everyday /every year 动词三单的变化:
1、一般动词后加 s ,如:reads, plays, works, makes
2、以 s, x, ch, sh, 结尾,后加 es. 如:watches,3、以辅音字母加 o 结尾 , 一般加 es ,如:does, goes
4、辅音字母 +y结尾的单词 , 去 y , 加 ies, 如:worries, studies
三、一般过去时。
1. 用法:
1. 一般过去时 be 动词。
2. 构成:主语 +was/ were+表语 .
主语 +was/ were + not + 表语 ( weren’t, wasn't
was/were+主语 +表语。
eg :i was late for school yesterday.
2. 一般过去时 (行为动词
构成:主语 +动词的过去式 +宾语 +状语。
主语 +didn't动词原形 +宾语 +状语。
did+主语 +动词原形 +宾语 +状语 ?
eg :he often visit his grandma last year.
3. 时间状语 :last week/sunday, yesterday, a moment ago, this morning...
过去式的构成:
1. +ed open-opened 2. 双写最后一个字母 +ed stop-stopped 3.
去 y 换 i+ed carry-carried 4. 以 e 为结尾 +d live-lived
不规则:书后 172页。
四、一般将来时。
一、用法:1. “be going to” 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、安排要做的事。
它是一般将来时的一种表达形式,we are going to play football tomorrow. 明天我们将去踢足球。
二、构成:1. be going to +动词原形。在 be going to 结构中, be 随主语人称和数的变化而变化,而 going to 固定不变。
2. 表达将来在某一时间内要发生,或将要发生的动作或状态。
构成:will +动词原形:(当主语第一人称时, 一般用 shall 代替 will ; 当主语为其他人称时,用 will ,但主语为第一人称时,也可以用 will
如:● we will/shall h**e a good winter vacation. 我们将有个愉快的寒假。
缩写形式 : ll =shall/will 否定形式可缩写为 shall not = shan't will not =won't 三、时间状语。
tomorrow (明天 , the day after tomorrow(后天 , next… (下个 , soon(不久 , one day(某天 , from now(从今后 , in… (s time(在 … 时间之后 , in the future
五、现在完成时。
1. 现在完成时的用法。
1 现在完成时表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作。
i h**e bought a ten-speed bicycle.
they h**e cleaned the classroom.
2 现在完成时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在, 或者还有可能持续下去的动作或状态。 现在完成时常与 for 和 since 引导的短语或从句连用。
we h**e lived here since 1976.
they h**e waited for more than two hours.
2.构成:肯定句:主语+h**e (has+动词过去分词+…
i h**e seen your dictionary. he has read that book.
否定句:主语+h**e (has+not+动词过去分词+…
i h**en’t seen the hasn’t come yet.
疑问句:h**e (has +主语 +动词过去分词 +其他。
h**e you been to nanjing? y es, i h**e. no, i h**en’ t.
has jack had lunch yet? y es, he has. no, he hasn’ t.
h**e been to\ h**e gone to 区别:
h**e\ has been to…“ 曾经去过某地 ”
表示一种经历, (现在回来了 ,可与 ever, never, once, twice等连用 .
he has ever been to shanghai twice.
h**e \ has gone to…
表示 “ 去某地了 ” 说话时某人已离开了 ,主语常用第三人称。如:
he has gone to shanghai.
瞬间动词(点动词与延续性动词:
若现在完成时的谓语动词是一个马上就结束的瞬间性动词, 则不可以与表示一段的时间状语连用,常见的瞬间动词有:
buy , borrow, le**e, join, die, come, go , arrive, begin, start, get, become, marry, lose 等。
he has been away (le**e from beijing for four years.
the old man has been dead (die for two years.
le**e-be away buy-h**e arrive in/ at-be here get to – be here\ there
come to – be here\ there become-be borrow-keep
begin/start-do go to-be in die-be dead join-be in (be a … member
比较 since 和 for
since 用来说明动作起始时间, for 用来说明动作延续时间长度。
i h**e lived here for more than twenty years.
i h**e lived here since i was born..
my aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.
some new oilfields h**e been opened up since 1976.
i h**e known xiao li since she was a little girl.
my brother has been in the youth league for two years.
i h**e not heard from my uncle for a long time.
注意:并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
i worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。 ●i h**e worked here for many years.
(现在我仍在这里工作。
3. 时间状语:
already , yet, just, before, since, for, ever, never, twice…
六、过去进行时。
一、过去进行时用法:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
i was watching tv when she came to see me.
二、构成:主语 +was/ were+doing+其它。
my mother was cooking when i came back home.
三、时间状语。
at this time yesterday , at 8 o’ clock last night , the whole day, when, while+时间状语从句。
语法知识运用 】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1you evervisit new york?
2. helive in china for nearly three years.
3. at this time last friday, weh**e the same class.
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