初中完成时讲解

发布 2021-05-14 20:45:28 阅读 4621

①for+时段。

②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来)

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句(过去时)

●⑤it is+时段+since+从句(过去时)

* 以already, just和yet为标志

he has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。

he has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。

he hasn't come back yet. 他还没有回来。

* 以ever和never为标志

this is the best film i h**e ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

he has never been to beijing. 他从没有到过北京。

* 以动作发生的次数为标志。

he says he has been to the usa three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。

* 以so far(到目前为止)为标+before

he has got to beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。

she has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。

2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在, 甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。

* ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志。

注意: 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用。

瞬间动词(buy,die,join,come,go ,le**e,join ……不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词。

buy---h**e borrow --keep

come/arrive/reach/get to---be in

go out---be out le**e --be away

begin---be on finish---be over

open---be open close --be closed

die---be dead

代替buy

my brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

2、用keep或h**e代替borrow

i h**e kept(不能用h**e borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

3、用be替代become

how long has your sister been a teacher?

4、用h**e a cold代替catch a cold

tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

★5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词

1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill

3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,le**e

7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词

1“be+on”代start,begin

2“be+up”代get up

3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等

d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表:

1. h**e arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

→h**e been in sw./at…相应的介词。

2. h**e come/gone back/returned → h**e been back

3. h**e come/gone out →h**e been out

4. h**e become → h**e been

5. h**e closed / opened→ h**e been close/open

6. h**e got up → h**e been up;

7. h**e died → h**e been dead;

8. h**e left sw. →h**e been away from sw.

9. h**e fallen asleep/got to sleep → h**e been asleep;

10. h**e finished/ended/completed → h**e been over;

11. h**emarried → h**e been married;

12. h**e started/begun to do sth. →h**e done sth. ;

13. h**e begun → h**e been on

14. h**e borrowed/bought →h**e kept/had

15. h**e lost → h**en’t had

16. h**e put on →h**e worn

17. h**e caught /get a cold → h**e had a cold;

18. h**e got to know → h**e known

19. h**e/has gone to → h**e been in

20. h**e joined/h**e taken part in the league/the party/the army

h**e been a member of/ h**e been in/h**e been the party’s member/the league member/the soldier…

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