高中英语复习介词讲解

发布 2021-05-14 18:30:28 阅读 3397

介词讲解。

一. 介词概述。

介词又称前置词,一般放在名词的前面。介词属于虚词,不能独自作为句子成分,必须与名词或代词等词类一起构成介词短语,才可以充当句子成分。

二. 介词的分类。

按其词义分为下列常见的几种。

三、常用介词的用法。

1.表示时间的介词in, at, on

1)at表示在某一具体时刻、某时间点。

at 3:42 at that time at the age of 17

2)in表示在一段较长的时间里。

in 1987 in the afternoon in winter in september

3)on表示在特定的日子,具体的日期,星期几以及节假日等。

on october 2th on tuesday

2.表示方位、空间关系的介词 on, in ,over, above

1)on是指与物体表面接触,在某物体的上面。

a lovely cat is lying on the table.

2)in 表示在···之上,暗指占据了某物的一部分。

there is a hole in the wall

3)over 和above两者都表示在···上方。over主要强调覆盖某一物体或在某一物体的正上方;above强调在上方,但不一定是正上方,而且还可以指温度、海拔等刻度的···之上。

be careful; there is a he**y box over your head.

the **erage temperature here in summer is well above 30°c.

4) under, below, beneath

under强调正下方,与over相对。below就是指下方,不一定是正下方,与above相对。beneath常与below互换,但是多用于正视文体中,below比较常用。

5)across, through, past, over

across 强调穿过某一平面;through强调从空间内穿过;past强调从某一事务的一旁经过;over强调从一边到另一边。

the great wall winds its way, across desert, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.

we drove past the station.

6) in front of; in the front of

前者表示某一空间外部的前面,后者表示在空间的内部。

don’t sit in the front of the bus.

they h**e set up some food booths in front of the museum.

3.表示“用”工具、手段、方式的介词, with, by, in

with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前;by多用于无形的工具,方式,手段之前;in用于某种语言、原材料。

with money by car in english

6.表示“包括,排除”的介词, but, except, except for, besides, apart from

1)一般情况下,but和except 通用,表示“除···之外”,其后的宾语是被排除在外的。

nobody but/except tom knows the city well.

只有汤姆非常了解这座城市。

2)except for表示对整体说明,作细节的修正,是对主要部分的肯定,对局部的否定,一般表示不同类事物之间的关系。

the movie is good except for the ending.

3)besides 意为除···之外,其后的宾语是被包括在内的。

all of us went to beijing besides tom.

除了汤姆以外,他们都去了北京。

4)apart from 意为除了···之外,表示排除意义时相当于except,表示包括意义时相当于besides.

the children hardly see anyone apart from their parents.

5.表示关于的介词, on, about

about侧重于和人或者事物有关的事迹或者情况;on侧重于阐述或论及相对重大或深奥的理论、学术的问题。

a story about mao zedong

a book on science

四、介词短语,如下成语惯用in

例:in all 总计in advance 事前。

in the meantime 与此同时 in connection with 和…有关

in contact with 和……联系 in addition to 除。以外

in case of 倘若,万一in conflict with 和。冲突

in force 有效的,大批in depth 彻底地

in regard to 关于 in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近

in retrospect 回顾,一想起 in behalf of 代表。利益

in the least 一点,丝毫 in alarm 惊慌、担心

in the opinion of 据……见解 in the long run 从长远说来

in detail 详细地in conclusion 总之

in spite of 尽管in other words...换句话说

in return 作为回报in the name of 以。名义

be confident in 对。有信心

exercises

1. luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain __an inch.

a.by b.at c.to d.from

2production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

a. as b. for c. with d. through

3. i am sorry it’s __my power to make a final decision on the project.

a.over b.above c.off d.beyond

4. they had a pleasant chat __a cup of coffee.

a.for b.with c.during d.over

5. —what do you want __those old boxes?

—to put things in when i move to the new fiat.

a.by b.for c.of d.with

6. ross was wild with joy __the result of the examination.

a.to b.at c.by d.as

7. marie curie took little noticethe honors that were given to her in her later years.

a.of b.on c.about d.from

8. —you are so lucky.

what do you meanthat?

a.or b.in c.of d.by

9. —what do you want __those old boxes?

—o put things in when i move to the new fiat.

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