英语基础语法知识。
第二节基本句型。
学习目标】：通过学习基本句型结构培养学生理解语法结构的能力，促进学生阅读能力以及写作能力的提高。
重难点】：正确分析出句子的各个成分，快速理解句子的大意。
所谓基本句型（basic sentence pattern）就是几种基本的谓语结构的格局；千变万化的句型都是由它们演变而来的。英语的基本句型有五种，即：
1：ｓ 主＋谓）
2：ｓ 主＋系＋表）
3：ｓ 主＋谓＋宾）
4主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
5主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
注：英语的基本成分有七种： 主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、补语（complement）。
i.基本句型：ｓ 主＋谓）
此句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，常带有状语。
典型例题】:
fruit store has closed.
h**e been singing and dancing for two hours.
plane will take off soon.
will fly to london.
活学活用】:划出下列句子的主语和谓语动词。
1. the sun rose
2. who cares
3. what he said does not matter.
4. they talked for half an hour.
5. the pen writes smoothly.
ii.基本句型二： ｓ主＋系＋表）
此句型结构的谓语动词是由系动词担任，后接表语，也可称作补语。常用的系动词除be, become, look, seem, appear, get, feel外，还有以下一些：grow, turn, remain, fall ,hold keep, stand, stay, smell, sound, feel, taste等。
例如：1. the motor is out of order.
2. her mother has fallen ill.
weather is getting quite warm.
4. the roses smell sweet.
活学活用】:划出下列句子的系动词(__和表语(~~
1. this is an english-chinese dictionary.
2. the dinner smell good
3. he fell in love
4. everything looks different
5. he is growing tall and strong.
基本句型三： ｓ主＋谓＋宾）
此句型的谓语动词是及物动词，后面需跟宾语。
典型例题】:
1. the machine is drilling a hole.
2. the teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once.
has many strengths in improving oral english skills.
活学活用】 :划出下列句子的谓语(__和宾语(~~
1. who knows the answer?
2. he has refused to help them.
3. he enjoys reading.
4. he said "good morning."
5. he admits that he was mistaken.
基本句型四主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 此句型中的谓语动词是带双宾语的及物动词。两个宾语中前一个为间接宾语，后一个为直接宾语。这类谓语动词除常见的give, bring, tell, send, le**e, pass, read, write, take, show, teach, get, award, lend, rent, buy, pay ,hand, recommend, s**e等。
典型例题】:
1. the new way s**ed us much time.
2. could you do me a f**or please?
3. i paid the repairman fifty dollars.
4. he ordered himself a soft drink.
5. mr. smith lent me his car.
活学活用】:划出下列句子的间接宾语和直接宾语。
1. she ordered herself a new dress.
2. he brought you a dictionary.
3. i showed him my pictures.
4. i told him that the bus was late.
5. he showed me how to run the machine.
v.基本句型五主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
此句型的谓语动词是可以带复合宾语的及物动词，也就是说，这些动词除了有一个直接宾语外，还要加上宾语补足语，句子的意义才能完整。宾语补足语可有多种形式。在宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语中，宾语与它的补足语之间存在着逻辑上（即意义上）的主谓关系。
这样的及物动词有：appoint, believe, call, catch, elect, feel, find, discover, make, need, prefer, prove, see, warn等。
典型例题】:
appointed mr. white minister of foreign affairs.
board of directors elected charles president of the university.
found her rather difficult to work with.
warned him not to be late.
father saw him steal the money.
found my bike missing.
课堂**】：根据上面的例句可以总结出那些成分可充当补语：
活学活用】:划出下列句子的补足语(用横线表示)。
war made him a soldier.
methods make the job easy.
often find him at work.
teacher ask the students to close the windows.
saw a cat running across the road.
6. they painted the door green.
7. this set them thinking.
found the house deserted.
当堂达标】：
i选择题练习 b. svp d. svoo
1. pleas tell us a story
2. she smiled.__
3. i h**e a lot work to do
4. his job is to train swimmers.__
5. he noticed a man enter the room
6. please look at the picture.__
7. the woman caught her husband reading her diary.__
8. the president awarded him the first prize. _
9. tina was sleeping when i returned home.__
10. his face turned red. _
ii.划分句子成分。
english class is really interesting.
we introduced ourselves to each other.
shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting.
first memory of school was the smell of paint.
war made him a soldier
boy in blue is tom.
named the boy charlie
went to see an exhibition yesterday.
offered me his seat/his seat to me.
painted their boat white.
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