tenses
从定义、构成、时间状语及用法实例四个方面来学习每一种时态。
1. 一般现在时:
定义:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
构成:is/am/are, do/does
时状:often / always / sometimes / usually / occasionally every morning
实例:children usually pick up foreign languages very quickly.
every day she is the last to le**e the office.
2. 现在进行时:
定义:现在正在进行或发生的动作,或是当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作,或是表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。
构成:is/am/are + 动词现在分词。
时状:now / at the moment/at present …
实例:she is feeding the baby right now.
i am coming.
they are working these days.
3. 现在完成时:
定义:表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系(动作和状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在),或是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在甚至将来。
构成:: has/h**e + 动词过去分词。
时状:for ten years / since five years ago / since they got married / so far / in the past few days / in the last 3 years / in recent years …
实例:so far, nothing has been done to stop polluting the river.
things h**e changed in recent weeks.
mum has been ill for several days.
4. 现在完成进行时:
定义:1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。
2)表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
构成:has/h**e been + 动词现在分词。
时状:for two hours / since 5 o’clock this morning …
实例:i h**e been waiting for you since 5 o’clock this morning.
5. 一般过去时:
定义:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
构成: 动词过去时。
时状:often / always / occasionally / 5 days ago / last week / the year before last / on july 1, 1986…
实例:often i did not see papa until the evening.
he always went to work on foot.
i was born in july, 1987
6. 过去进行时:
定义:表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。
构成: :was/were + 动词现在分词。
时状:then / at 10 yesterday morning / this time yesterday / at that time …
实例:what were you doing this time yesterday evening?
7. 过去完成时:
定义:表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果;过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续。句中的动作发生在过去之前(过去的过去),即过去完成时动作发生在过去的过去。
构成: :had + 动词过去分词。
时状:since he was born /by 2000 / by the time world war ii broke out / a few years before …
实例:by six o’clock, they had worked twelve hours.
by the time he came back, i had gone to bed.
when he woke up, everything had changed.
8. 过去完成进行时:
定义:就是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作,或表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
构成:had been + 动词现在分词。
时状: for a long time / since 1999
实例:how long had it been raining before you shut the window?
9. 一般将来时:
定义: 表示将来某一时刻发生的动作或状态, 或将来某一段时间内经常进行的动作或状态。
构成: :will/shall + 动词原形。
时状:in future / in the future / from now on / soon / in 5 years / next year / in the 22nd century…
实例: in future, we’ll pay more attention to the protection of our environment.
my father will be back home in a few days.
10. 将来进行时:
定义:主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。
构成:will/shall be + 动词现在分词。
时状: this time tomorrow / at 8 next monday / when your plane lands at the airport of shanghai …
实例:when your plane lands at the airport of shanghai, we will still be sleeping.
11. 将来完成时:
定义: 用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用,也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。
构成: will/shall h**e + 动词过去分词。
时状: by the end of this year / by the time i graduate from college …
实例:by the time i graduate from college, i shall h**e stayed in wuhan for four years.
12. 将来完成进行时:
定义: 表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。
构成: shall / will h**e been doing
时状:这个时态常和表示将来某一时间的状语连用
实例:they will h**e been h**ing a holiday yesterday.
you’ll h**e been wondering all this time how my invention works.
13. 一般过去将来时:
定义:表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去将来时的出发点是过去,即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。
构成: was/were going to+动词原形or would/should+动词原形。
时状:常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
实例:i didn't know if he would come. (i didn't know if he was going to come.)
she told us that she would not go with us,if it rained.
14. 过去将来进行时:
定义:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。
构成:should(would)+be+现在分词。
时状:常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
实例:they said they would be coming.
the new job he would be taking was raising racing horses.
15. 过去将来完成时:
定义:表示在过去将来某一时间以前发生的动作,并往往会对过去将来某一时间产生影响。过去将来完成时还常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。
构成:should / would h**e done sth
时状:常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
实例:i thought you'd h**e left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。
he told them he would h**e finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。
16. 过去将来完成进行时:
定义:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。过去将来完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间。动作是否继续下去,视上下文而定。
构成:should/would h**e been + v-ing
时状:常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。
实例:i/we should h**e been working.
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