一些重要的不定代词的用法。
不定代词有both, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, few, some, any, each, every, no, none等,从实际应用和理解出发,重点学习以下几个:
一) both, all, either, any, neither, none
both为“两者都”,neither为“两者都不”,either为“两者之一”, 这三个单词都用于指两个人或物,在句中可作主语、宾语和定语;all为“三者或三者以上都”,any为“三者或三者以上中的任何一个”,none为“三者或三者以上都不”, 这三个单词都用于指三或三个以上个人或物。
1.作主语:1) both (of them) enjoyed the rice. 他们两人喜欢吃米饭。
2) neither (of us) is a doctor. 我们俩都不是医生。
3) either (of you) will go. 随你们哪个去都可以。
4) -can you come on monday or tuesdayi’m afraid neither day is possible.
5)--do you want tea or coffee? -either. i really don’t mind.
注意:作主语时,both后面的谓语动词用复数。neither, either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
2.作定语:1) both zhang hua's father and mother work in a hospital, but neither one is a doctor.
张华的父母亲在一所医院工作,但都不是医生。
2) you may take either apple. 两个苹果任你拿一个。
3) -when shall we meet again?
---make it any day you like(你喜欢哪天就哪天); it all the same to me.
3.作宾语:1) i like both of the toys very much. 我非常喜欢这两件玩具。
2) the boy could find neither of them and went away. 这男孩找不到他们俩就走开了。
3) you may plant either in the street. 你可以种在街道的任一边。
both 还可作同位语,它们句中的位置是在be动词、助动词或情态动词的后面,但在实义动词前面。
1) they are both in good health. 他们两人身体都很好。
2) they will both go there. 他们两人都收到那儿去。
3) they both agreed to take part in the birthday party. 他们两人都答应参加生日晚会。
此外,①either 可作副词用于否定句,表示 “也”,相当于肯定句中的 “too”。
this is not mine. that is not, either. 这不是我的,那也不是。
② neither 表示“也不”的时候,常用在倒装的结构形式中:
i don't like to play football. neither does he. 我不喜欢踢足球,他也不喜欢。
she hasn't got a bike. neither h**e i. 他没自行车,我也没有。
注意:both 和 and, either 和 or, neither 和 nor 可构成连词。both…and表示 “…和……两个都”,连接主语时谓语动词是复数;either…or…表示“不是……就是”;“或……或”,neither…nor…“既不……也不”;“都不” 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致,如:
1) both zhang and wang are good students. 张、王都是好学生。
2) either you or he is right. 不是你就是他对的。
3) neither he nor i am a scientist. 他和我都不是科学家。
题组训练】根据提示完成句子:
mr. alcott, headmasterof the school, refused to accept __任何)of the three srggestions make by the srudents’ union.(答案:
any)
there are many trees on __side (=both sides) of the street. (答案:either)
___都不) of the two cars is mine. mine is being repaired. (答案:neither)
___所有的) horses are animals, but not __所有的)animals are horses.(答案:all, all)
二)one, another, the other, some, others, the others 的区别。
1. one 常用来作代词,替代前文所出现的可数名词,表示人或物,以避免重复。例如:
i h**en't got a ball pen. i'll h**e to buy one. (a ball pen)我没圆珠笔,我得去买一支。
he is one to think more of others. 他是个能多为别人着想的人。
2. the other, another 都可解释为 “另一个”。the other用于表“两者中的另一个”,此外,the other 只能接可数名词(单数或复数),不能加不可数名词。
但另外一个短语the rest of(剩余的)后可以加复数名词,还可以加不可数名词;else只能放在不定代词或特殊疑问词后。another 指三者以上中的“另一个”。例如:
he was two brothers. one is a doctor, the other is a teacher.
we've received two parcels, one from my uncle, the other from my aunt.
i don't like this one, show me another, please.
i've just bought three things. one is a walkman, another is a pocketcalculator, the third is a video game.
3. another 还有 “再……”的意思,另外:another+数词+名词= 数词+more+名词例如:
would you please make it some other day? (another day) 请问你能否改在另一天呢?
h**e another cup of coffee, please. 再喝一杯咖啡吧!
she h**e to stay here for another 3 weeks =(three more weeks).他不得不在这里再待三个星期。
4. other 有 “另外” 的含义。例如:
where are the other students? 其他学生在**?
the boy is much cleverer than the other two. 这孩子比另两个更聪明。
he has no other close friends like john. 他没有别的像约翰那样的好朋友了。
5. others 和 the others 表示复数的泛指和特指。例如:
in the park some (一些)are playing games. others (另外一些) are walking near the river.
i h**e five colour pencils. one (一支)is red, another (另外一支)is blue and the others (其它的)are green.
6. the rest 也可作 “其余的” 解释。它用作主语时注意谓语动词的单复数。例如:
the rest of his life was spent in america. 他的余生是在美国度过的。
he has eight books. two are in english. the rest are in chinese. 他有几本书,两本是英文,其余的是中文。
题组训练】①some of the wheat is from canada. what about答案:d)
other rest
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