高考英语语法专项训练 非谓语动词

发布 2021-04-13 00:55:28 阅读 2580

非谓语动词。

动词不定式。

不定式的构成及变形。

动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成,在某些情况下to也可省略。

不定式的一般式。

不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或是在它之后发生。

如:he appears to be very happy.(同时发生)

to catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.(to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后)

不定式的进行式。

不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

如:it happened to be raining when i got there.

不定式的完成式。

不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。

如:i'm sorry to h**e lost your key.

不定式的完成进行式。

不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。

如:he was said to h**e been living in london for twenty years.

不定式的时态意义:

如:he is said to be studying abroad.(不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行)

he is said to h**e studied abroad.(不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束)

不定式的被动形式。

当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系,有一般式和完成时两种。

一般式 to be done

如:these are the books to be given out to the students.

完成式 to h**e been done

如:the novel is said to h**e been translated into many languages.

不定式的否定形式。

不定式的否定形式由not或never加不定式构成。

如:we decided not to go out because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好,我们决定不出去。

注意:谓语动词的否定和不定式的否定不同的意义。

如:i did not promise to wake him up. 我没有答应叫醒他。

i promised not to wake him up. 我答应了不叫醒他。

不定式句法功能。

不定式可以作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。

作主语。如:to hear from you is nice.

to be a good teacher is not easy.

不定式作主语时,为了保持句子的平衡,往往以it作形式主语,而不定式置于谓语动词后。

如:it’s nice to hear from you.

it’s not easy to be a good teacher.

作宾语。通常用于afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seek, threaten, trouble, wait, want, wish等动词后面。

如:i forgot to lock the door.

please remember to write to me.

记忆口诀:三个希望两答应(hope,wish,want,agree,promise)

一个要求莫拒绝(demand,refuse)

设法学会做决定(manage,decide)

不要假装在选择(pretend,choose)

作表语。如:my job is to pick up letters.

he seemed to h**e heard nothing.

作定语。在the first, the second, the third, the last等之后通常接不定式作定语。作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后:

如:he is always the first one to get up.

i h**e a few words to say on this question.

主动形式表被动含义:

如:i h**e a book to read.

it is easy to read.

h**e you anything to send?

比较:h**e you anything to be sent?

she is the last to come.

he is looking for a room to live in.

there is nothing to worry about.

作宾补。通常用于advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, convince, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, recommend, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn等词后。

如:he ordered her to le**e at once.

he was forced to obey his mother’s order.

作状语。不定式作状语时通常表示目的,不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置,一是在句首,二是在句末。一般说来,用于句首属于强调性用法,即强调动词的目的。

也可用于“be adj. to do”结构中作原因状语。

如:he got up early to catch the first bus.

to finish the task on time, we h**e to work hard.

i'm happy to hear the news.

i'm surprised to see him here.

only to...往往表示“意想不到”的结果;never to...可以接后续的结果。

so...as to...such...

as to...enough to...only to...

以及too...to...等结构中的不定式也表结果:

如:her father disappeared, never to be heard again.

i went to the bank only to find it was closed.

不定式和现在分词作状语的区别。

作目的状语。不定式作目的状语,带有很强的目的性,有时可以把(in order) to do置于句首。而现在分词作目的状语时,目的和伴随兼而有之。多放于句末,与主句用逗号隔开。

如:(in order) to ensure success, we must make a complete and through plan.

you should keep it a secret, trying to protect the plan.

作结果状语。不定式作结果状语表示意外的结果。现在分词作状语表示自然的结果。

如:he returned home many years later, only to find that everything had changed.(意外的结果)

it rained he**ily last night, causing the river to rise.(自然的结果)

作独立成分。

to be honest, to begin with, to start with, to tell you the truth, to make a long story short

如:to tell you the truth, i told a lie.

to begin/start with, let’s sing a song.

to make a long story short, he succeeded in passing the exam.

不定式特殊用法。

用it作形式主语。

动词不定式作主语时,如果主语太长,通常用it作形式主语,将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。

如:for us to learn english well is necessary.

it is necessary for us to learn english well.

动词不定式作主语时,如果将句子变为疑问句,应使用it作形式主语。

to walk to the station takes twenty minutes.

does it take twenty minutes to walk to the station?

用it作形式宾语。

某些不能修饰人的形容词作宾语补足语时,不能用表示人的词作宾语,应用it作形式宾语,再用动词不定式的复合结构作真正的宾语;这类形容词常用的有necessary, easy, hard, common, possible及impossible等。

高考英语语法考点详解 非谓语动词

高考英语语法考点详解 非谓语动词。什么是非谓语动词?用最庸俗的方式说,动词在使用中一般有六种形式 原形,单数第三人称形式,过去式形式,不定式形式,ing形式,ed形式。其中,前三种形式可以单独作谓语,而后三种则没有这个能力。如 i do the housework every morning.my ...

高考英语语法复习学案非谓语动词

非谓语动词。非谓语动词在句中作状语依然是考查重点,但作其他成分近年来也成了测试点,并呈现出 情景化 和 设问角度多样化 的趋势。高考热点 不定式在句中作目的状语或产生某种情绪的原因状语 分词在句中作时间 伴随 让步等状语 现在分词 过去分词作定语 不定式的时态变化用在固定结构上,如sb.sth.is...

高考英语语法专题非谓语动词基本用法

treat v.对待 injured adj.受伤的。invent v发明,创造。local adj地方的 当地的。operate 动手术 操作。business 商业,生意 burn burned burnt v.燃烧。adj简单的。properly adv适当地。manage v 设法做到 管理...