状语从句。
学习目标】掌握常用的状语从句的用法。
学习重点】熟记状语从句的连词，理解状语从句的用法。
学习难点】连接不同的状语从句的连词：as, since
知识链接】1、状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等充当。
请用下划线划出下列句子中的状语，并说明是什么在做状语。
he speaks english very well.
he is playing under the tree.
i come especially to see you.
the boy was praised for his br**ery.
when he was 12 years old, he began to live in dalian.
if i am not busy tomorrow, i will play football with you.
2、用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词的句子叫做状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句。
i will call you as soon as i arrive in beijing.
if he comes back, please let me know.
i know how to light a camp fire because i h**e done it before.
学法指导】自主学习，小组合作，理解并学会运用不同的状语从句。
学习过程】1、时间状语从句。
1) 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, until, till, as soon as 等连词来引导。
it was raining hard when we got to school yesterday.
while he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
as he walked along the lake, he sang happily.
he had learned a little chinese before he came to china.
after he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
2) 在时间状语从句里，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
i’ll ring you up as soon as i get to new york.
i will tell him everything when he comes back.
he won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
3) 在带有till 和until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句，如果主句用肯定式，谓语动词只能用延续性动词；如果主句用否定式，谓语动词用瞬间动词。
the young man read until the light went out.
let’s wait until the rain stops.
we won’t start until bob comes.
don’t get off until the bus stops.
4) since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。也可用于句型：it is +段时间+ since 从句（过去时态）
we h**e lived here since we moved here five years ago.
it is 3 years since he came here.
2、地点状语从句。
地点状语从句常由where 来引导。
go where you like.
where there is a will, there is a way.
3、条件状语从句。
1) 条件状语从句常用if, unless 来引导。
what shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
don’t le**e the building unless i tell you to.
2) 在条件状语从句中，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
i’ll help you with your english if i am free tomorrow.
he won’t be late unless he is ill.
3) “祈使句+ and/ or + 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
hurry up, or you’ll be late. =if you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
study hard, and you will pass the exam. =if you study hard, you will pass the exam.
4、原因状语从句。
1) 原因状语从句通常用because, as, since 引导。
he didn’t come to school because he was ill.
as it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo.
since you can’t answer the question, i’ll ask someone else.
2) because 表示直接原因，语气最强。because 引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why 提出的问题，只能用because。
as和since 语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因，由as 和since 引导的原因状语从句多放在句首。
---why aren’t you going there?
---because i don’t want to .
as he has no car, he can’t go there easily.
since we h**e no money, we can’t buy it.
3) because 和so 不能用在同一个句子里。
because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school. ×
because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. √he was ill, so he didn’t go to school. √
5、结果状语从句
1) 结果状语从句由so… that, such… that, so that 来引导。
he is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
she is such a good teacher that everyone likes her.
my pen fell under the desk, so that i couldn’t see it.
2) so… that, such … that
a. so + adj. /adv. +that 从句
he was so glad that he can’t say a word.
mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.
b. such + a / an + adj. +n.单 + that 从句。
it was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
he is such a good boy that everybody likes him.
c. such + adj. +n.复/ un. +that 从句。
he had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
he made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.
d. so… that 与such… that 有时可互换。
it was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
the film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.
it was such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.
the match was so important that nobody wants to miss it.
3) 如果名词前有many, much, few, little 等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such.
soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
he has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.
6、目的状语从句。
1) 目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that（为了，以便）来引导。
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