一、名词的数1．单数和复数。
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。情况一般情况。
构成方法加s
读音清辅音后读[s]浊辅音和元音后读[z]
以s，x，ch，加s或es读[iz]sh，结尾的词。
bus→busesclass→classesbox→boxeswatch→watchesbrush→brushes。
以ce, se, ze,（d）ge结尾的词。
加s读[iz]
orange—orangesprice→pricescase→cases
boy→boysbook→booksgirl→girlsboy→boys
以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es
读[ z]country→countriesfactory→factoriesfamily→families
以o结尾的词加s或-es读[z]
hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes
末尾为两个元音母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。
以f或fe结尾的词。
变f为v再加-es，例如：，读[s]
leaf→le**es,half→halves。knife→knives
7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如：an englishman，two englishmen。但german不是合成词，故复数形式为germans；man,woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers，women teachers。
有个别名词单复数一样，例如：chinese，japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。
8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。
9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes’ walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。
11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：
科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths专有名词：the united states, niagara falls其他名词：
news, falls2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法。
在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：the rich man has a lot of money．there is some milk in the bottle．
i don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice．（2）用a piece of这类定语，例如：
a piece of *****a piece of breada cup of tea
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：
two cups of tea
four pieces of *****three glasses of water
不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。二、名词的所有格。
名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。
1.表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's,其复数形式是s'，例如：astudent'sroom, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2.如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加's，如：children's day。
3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、**、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：a twentyminutes'walk，ten miles'journey，a boat'slength，twopounds' weight, tendollars' worth。
4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of china，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5.双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。
【注意】
如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：john's and mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）
两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：john and mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；tom and mary's mother（即tom与mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】
s**ed many children’s woman doctorsb. women doctorc. women doctorsd. woman doctor
答案：c。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。
isbedroom. the twin sisters like it very anne and janeb. anne’s and jane’sc.
anne’s and janed. anne and jane’s答案：d。
该题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加’s。3.
-are there anyon the farm?--yes, there are some.
a. horseb. duckc. chickend. sheep
答案：d。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。
4. -what would you like to drinkor orange?--orange, please.
a. hamburgerb. chipc. tea
答案：c。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。【中考演练】一。单项填空。
1．--where h**e you been, tim?
--i’ve been to __
a. the henry houseb. the henry familyc. the henry’s homed. henry’s
2．in england, if __is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is calledsupper.
a. foodb. lunchc. breakfastd. dinner
3．you looked for it twice, but you h**en’t found it. why not try __a. three timesb.
a third timec. the third timed. once4．--they are thirsty.
will you please give themcertainly.
a. some bottles of watersb. some bottles of waterc.
some bottle of waterd. some bottle of waters
5．mike hurt one of his __in the accident toothb. feetc. handd.
ear6．there is some __on the cakesb. meatc. potatod.
pears
7．in england, the last name is the___
a. family nameb. middlec. given named. full name8．the are going to fly __to beijing.
a. germenb. germanyc. germanysd. germans9．the___has two
a. boys; watchesb. boy; watchc.
boy; watchesd. boys; watch10．the little baby has two __already.
a. toothb. toothsc. teethd. teeths11．what’s your___for being late again?
a. ideab. keyc. excused. news
12．--it’s dangerous here. we’d better go out quickly.
-- but i think we should let __go out woman and childrenb. women and childc. woman and childd.
women and children13．--you can see mr. smith if there is a signon the door of his shop.--thanks.
side smoking
14．are they going to h**e a picnic ona. children’s dayb. childrens’s dayc.
childrens dayd. children day
15．where are the students? are they in
a. the room 406b. room 406c. the 406 roomd. 406 room二。根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。
1. we’ve got a lot of new杂志) in our school library.2.
please turn to another __频道）, i don’t like this show.
3. yesterday the航班) to london was put off because of the badweather.
4. autumn is my f**ourite(季节)5. -how many __小刀) do you h**e?
--three.
6are widely used in the modern world.7. june 1st is儿童) day.
8. mary, would you please tell me your new地址) so that i can writeto you.
9. -does this piece of __**) sound nice?
--yes. it’s wonderful!
10. may 12th is the international __**) day. let’s say “ thanks” tothem for their work.
三【练习答案】
一． 二． address9. music 10. nurses’
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