九、动词。
9.1 实义动词。
9.2 系动词。
9.3 助动词。
9.4 情态动词。
9.5 非谓语动词。
9.6 动词的语态。
9.7 动词的时态。
9.1 实义动词：实义动词是能够独立作文娱的动词。按期句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
9.1.1. 及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
1) 及物动词 + 宾语。
i like the book very much.
2) 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补。
we call the bird polly.
i saw the children play in the yesterday.
注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make, let, h**e, see, watch, notice, hear等。
3) 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
please pass me the salt.
常见带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, huy, get, le**e, lend, make, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, read, return等。
9.1.2. 不及物动词：不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语且不能直接接宾语。
he run fast.
they work in a factory.
1) 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
we study english. (vt)
we study hard. (vi)
boys fly kites. (vt)
birds can fly. (vi)
2) 有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词。
1） 动词 + 介词：此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。
look at the blackboard.
listen to me carefully.
2） 动词 + 副词：代词作宾语时逼穴放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后均可。
he turn off the light when he left.
he picked it up and g**e it up.
3） 动词 + 副词 + 介词：宾语只能放在介词之后。
let’s go on with the work.
he gets along well with.
4） 动词+名词+介词：名词前可以加形容词作定语，宾语只能放在介词之后。
we can make good use of air.
5） be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词：这类动词短语也相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后面，形容词是短语动词的真正词义。
we are proud of being chinese.
i know he is slow at understanding，but you h**e to be patient with him．
9.1.3.延续性动词和非延续性动词：动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
1）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, h**e, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间，for 2 years; since从句，since he came here; since+时间点名词，since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
we h**e lived in china since 2001.
you can keep the book for two weeks.
2) 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。 如：open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
非延续性动词不可以与表示时间段的状语连用。如果和表示时间段的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;
he bought the computer two months ago.
he has been here for five days. (这里不能用has arrived here)
the film has been on for ten minutes. (这里不能用has begun.)
否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。
i h**en’t bought anything for two months.
例1： -how long can i __the booktwo weeks.
a. borrowb. lendc. getd. keep
例2：--shall i take you to the shopping mall after work?
- no, thanks. my father said he wouldon his way home.
a. look for me b. pick me up c. let me down d. take after me
例3：—why couldn't you the correct spelling of the word?
err. .i hadn't got a chinese-english dictionary at hand.
a. look for b. look down c. look up d. look at
例4：h**e youyour new classmates yet?
a. had friends with b. made friend with c. got friend to d. made friends with
例5：if you don't know how to spell a new word，you'd better
a．look up a dictionary b. look up an dictionary．c．look it up in a dictionary d. look up it in an dictionary．
9.2 系动词：
即连系动词，本身有词义，用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质，特征或身份。表语通常由名词、形容词，或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当，说明主语是什么或怎么样。 系动词不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
9.2．1 系动词分类。
1）常见的系动词是be,它的变化形式为：am/is/are/was/were .
2） 除了 be 动词，其他的系动词（半系动词）大致可分为4类：
感觉”类：与五种感觉器官相关的动词。常见的有： look(看起来)， feel(摸上去)，smell(闻起来) ,taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)等。
it sounds (like) a good idea
the soup tastes good.
she looks well today.
主观判断”类： 包括 seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎、显得)，prove(证明是), turn out (结果是， 证明是) 等。
he appears/seem to h**e made a mistake.
it turns out to be a mistake.
状态变化”类： 表示主语从一种状态变化成另一种状态。常见的有： become, turn, grow, go, come, fall, get 等。
put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
he grew older day by day.
状态持续”类：表示主语持续某种状态。常见的有： remain(依然)，keep(保持)，stay(保持)，continue(继续、仍旧)等。
the fish will stay fresh for several days.
it remains a problem.
the weather continues cold.
例6：those oranges taste
a. good b. well c. to be good d. to be well
例7：the material __very soft.
a. is feeling b. felt c. feels d. is felt
例8：why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? it will __for several days.
a be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. h**e stayed
例9：what you h**e said___
a is sounded interesting b．sounds interesting c sound interested d．listens interested
例10：the class begins. please keep
a silent b．silence c．the silence d．silently
9.3 助动词：
助动词本身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独用作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be, has, do, does, did, will和shall等。
中考英语动词
一 系动词。系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态 性质 特征或身份。常见的系动词有 be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep等。这些词没有被动语态的形式，也不用于进行时态。he is str...
英语中考高频动词
out 出版，开花。on 来吧。into being 形成。from 来自。come across 偶遇。up with 提出。to 去，达到。in 进来。back 回来。up 上升。down 下降。on 继续。through 穿过 go out 出去。by 时间流逝，经过。ahead 开始吧。al...
中考英语动词词组
反对做某事。善于，擅长于。当心，注意，仔细。担心做某事。例句 过马路之前左右看。小心不要从梯子上掉下来。被 覆盖 用 覆盖 为 作好准备。准备好做某事。准备好 当我到家的时候，妈妈已准备好了晚饭。对 感到惊讶。做某事很吃惊 我很吃惊的发现动物园几乎没什么人。对 感兴趣。出生。在进行，在上演，灯 亮着...