一、知识讲解。
做好动词填空题紧扣时态是关键。
“动词时态填空”主要包括动词的谓语形式和非谓语形式。动词的谓语形式涉及到时态和语态;非谓语形式涉及不定式、动名词和分词。要做好这类题目,除了必须熟记动词各种形式的基本概念和用法外,关键是要确定动词的时态。
二、典型例题讲解。
一)根据句子本身附带的时间状语和上下文确定时态,并注意人称和数的一致
例1 my father is very busy. he oftencome) late.
点拨: 句中有频度副词often做状语,且前一句谓语动词是is,故用一般现在时,即comes。
例2itrain) at this time yesterday afternoon.
点拨: 句中的时间状语this time yesterday afternoon指过去某一时刻,故用过去进行时was raining。
例3li meilook) her pen now.
点拨: 由句中的状语now可以判断动词应用现在进行时,即is looking。
例4 marynot hear) from alice since last term.
点拨: 根据句中的时间状语since last term可知谓语动词需要用现在完成时,即hasn’t heard。
例5our teacher’s son___be) ten years old next year.
点拨: 句中有时间状语next year,故用一般将来时will be。值得一提的是:
shall / will与be going to在大多数情况下可以互换。但是在论及不能主观控制的事情时应用will,不能用be going to,所以本题只能填will be。
二)根据上下句确定事情发生的时间,据此判断时态
例6look! the boysplay) football over there.
点拨: 以第一句look我们可以确定下句应该是“男孩子正在那边踢足球”,因而用现在进行时,即are playing。
例7-when weh**e)the class meeting?
-tomorrow morning.
点拨: 根据答案可以确定用一般将来时,即用shall/ will h**e或are going to h**e。
三)根据时态呼应规则确定时态
例8 she said shefinish) the work the next day.
点拨: 在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词是过去时,从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。又根据从句的时间状语the next day可断定用过去将来时,即would finish。
例9 when we reached guangzhou, the ship___already___set off).
点拨]: 在时间状语从句中,从句用过去时,主句常用过去完成时;另外还可以根据主从句谓语动词的先后来确定时态。所以本题的答案为had; set off。
例10 we’ll go to beijing zoo if it___not rain) tomorrow.
例11 i___write)to you as soon as i get to my home town.
点拨: 在if和as soon as引导的状语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替将来时,所以主句应该用一般将来时,反之亦然。故例10答案为doesn’t rain。
例11为shall write。
四) 注意特殊情况
根据时态呼应原则,从句中的谓语动词要受主句谓语动词的制约,即主句是过去时,从句也应用过去时。但表示客观事实或真理时,从句应该用一般现在时。
例12 the teacher told us the sun __rise) in the east.
点拨: 主句虽然是一般过去时,但宾语从句说的是客观真理,所以不受主句的制约,应用一般现在时,即rises。
五) 根据固定搭配和惯用原则确定时态或非谓语动词形式
例13 sorry, i h**e kept youwait) for a long time.
点拨: keep sb. doing sth.是固定搭配,意思为“使某人处于某种状态”。因此,用动词的现在分词waiting做宾语补足语。
例14 the boss made him___work) fourteen hours a day.
点拨: 在let, make, h**e等使役动词所带的复合结构中,要用省略to的不定式做宾补,故用work原形。
六) 特殊动词特别注意
1.只能用动名词做宾语的动词,如:enjoy, finish, mind等。
2.只能用不定式做宾语的动词,如:hope, wish, mean, want, decide等。
3.既可以用动名词又可以用不定式(形式由句意而定)做宾语的动词,如:begin, forget, remember, hate, love, like, need, start, stop等。
三、链接中考。
一)用所给动词的适当时态形式填空:
___go) swimming in the river every day in summer.
___seem) you are right.
the children __play) basketball on the playground.
___listen) to the radio when i came in.
is very cold. i think itrain)
6.“i need some *****.” i __bring) some for you.”
can’t find my pen. who __take) it?
said that he __come)_ back in five minutes.
didn’t meet him. he __le**e) when i got there.
___lose) my bike, so i h**e to walk to school.
___sit) down and began to read his news*****.
is not here. he __go) to the post office.
is very hungry. he __not eat) anything for three days.
___go) with you if i h**e time.
will go to the cinema if it __rain) tomorrow.
will tell her the news when she __come) to see me next week.
17.“when __you __buy) the car?” in 1998.”
___be)good friends since we met at school.
___you __do)at five yesterday afternoon?
bike is nice. how much __it __cost)
very important for us to learn english bymake) flashcards.
) notes when the teacher had a lesson.
think___wear) tie looks really cool.
that they’re playing basketball on the playground.
should beallow) to study with friends.
they are together, they talk instead of __do) homework.
only twelve years old. don’t get your earspierce).
raining now. we h**e to put offh**e) a picnic.
takes me half an hourwalk) to work every day.
itbe) fine, we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
in beijing since he was eight years old.
think the computerinvent) before the tv.
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