1、be+表语(形容词、名词、介词短语、副词)
the flower is red.(adj)
he is a worker.(n.)
they were at home.(prep.)
she is out.(adv.)
从上例可以看出,表语主要在系动词be之后,它与系动词be共同构成句子的谓语。
除系动词be外,还有其它几个常用的表示状态及变化的系动词,如feel/smell/taste/turn/get/become/look/grow等。
tom felt tired.
her face turns red.
i became a teacher last year.
it is getting longer and longer.
they look the same.
she grows old.
2、--can’t you see?难道你看不见吗?
---no,i can′t.是的,我看不见。
用情态动词(can/may/must)、系动词be、助动词(do/does/did)等的否定式开头的疑问句叫否定疑问句。表示惊奇、反问以及看法、建议等,有“难道不……?之意。
在回答这种问句时要注意,如果回答是肯定的,就用yes,否定的就用no.这和汉语习惯不同。
在否定疑问句中,not也可放在主语后面。但若位于主语前,须与系动词或助动词构成缩略式。
--didn’t you go there?难道你没去哪儿?
--yes,i did.不,我去了。
aren’t you a student?
3、there be与h**e当“有”讲。
(1)there be+某人/物+某时/地。表示“某处有某任某物” be的单复数与后面的“某任物”一致。
there is a book on the desk.
there are a pen and two knife in the pencil-box.
there be后面的主语若不是一个,be的单复数要和最近的一个一致。也可与并列的主语保持一致。
there are two knives and a pen in the pencil-box.
2)h**e 强调人所有。当主语为第三人称单数时,要用has.
he has a new house.
4、a. h**e not和don’t h**e
b. h**e you…?和do you h**e…?
(1)h**e 作为行为动词“有”讲时,否定式为h**e/has+not,疑问式为h**e you /has you…?也可加助动词do/does.
i h**e not(=h**en’t) a brother.
has he any water?
they don’t h**e any water.
2)h**e除了当有讲外,还有其他很多意思,如“吃”“饮”“得到”“允许”“遭受”等。这时的h**e是行为动词。否定式为don’t/dosen’t h**e,疑问式为do you h**e…?
dose he/she/it h**e…?
i h**e my supper at eight.
i don’t h**e my supper at eight.
do h**e you supper at eight?
3)h**e可以和许多名词搭配,构成短语。h**e breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner,h**e a rest,h**e a look,h**e a walk/swim/drink/cold.
5、--do you want a red one or the blue one?
---the blue one,please?
选择疑问句不能用yes/no来回答。
--shall i come or shall we meet at the stop?
--let’s meet at the stop.
6、a.--you’re a teacher,aren’t you?
---no,i am not.
b.--you don’t like the story,do you?
---yes,i do.
(1)反意疑问句提出问题,询问对方意见,一般由两部分构成;前一部分用陈述形式,后一部分为一个简单的问句。一般说来,有“前肯后否”和“前否后肯”的形式。
2)对于“前否后肯”的反意疑问句,其回答方式与否定疑问句的应答一致。如果回答是肯定的就用yes,否定的就用no。
he didn’t come,did he?他没来,对不对?
no,he didn’t.是的,他没来。
3)反意疑问句特例:
am late,aren’t i?
has little water,does he?
go home,shall we?
us look at your book,will you?
close the door,will you?
must be in the room,isn’t he?(推测)
must go now,mustn’t we?(必须)
is here,aren’t they?
should try one’s best,shouldn’t one/he?
is all ready,isn’t it?
better go,hadn’t you?
think she is right, isn’t she?
says she is right,doesn’t he?
4)反意问句前有hardly/few/little/never/no/nobody, /nothing等否定词时,后面用肯定形式。
5)主语是everyone/anyone/somebody/no one等不定代词时,多用they替代。
6)主语是everything/something/nothing时,要用it代替。
7、单数可数n.+主语+谓语!
+adj.+复数可数n./不可数n.+主语+谓语!
主语+谓语!
主语+谓语!
感叹句以what和how引导,常用来表示说话时的惊奇、喜悦、气愤等情绪。what用来修饰名词,how用来修饰形容词。
what a lovely boy(he is)!
how lovely the boy is!
what beautiful flowers!
how time flies!
8、it’s time to do sth与it’s time for sth
这两个句型都表示“到了该做什么事的时候了”。
it’s time to h**e supper.
it’s time for supper.
9、 took time to do sth.
钱/一段时间+on/(in doing)sth.
cost +sb +钱。
(1)句型a表示“某人花多少时间去干某事”。
it took me 3 hours to go there.
2)句型b表示“某人做某事花费多少钱或多少时间”。
i spent 3 hours (in) going there.
he spent$3 on that book.
3)句型c表示“某物花某人多少钱”。
that book cost me $3.
10、 is/was +adj./n.+to do sth.
b.主语+谓语+it+ adj.+to do sth.
a. it做形式主,b. it做形式宾语。真正的主语或宾语为后面的不定式短语。
it is important to study hard.
i think it difficult to see in the dark.
11、 is +adj.+for + to do sth.
is +adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.
is +adj.+that+从句。
※这三个句型中it为形式主语。如果sb.与adj.有逻辑上的主谓关系,就用of,反之用for。
it is possible for you to do that.
you 与possible不能构成主谓结构。故用for.类似的有:
difficult/important/easy/necessary/dangerous/hard/interesting.
it is kind of you to do so.
you与kind可构成主谓结构,故用of.类似的形容词有:polite/wise/foolish/clever/good/honest/nice/rude/br**e.
此句型可改为用sb.作主语的句子:you are kind of to do so.
名型c.一般适用于下述几个单词:true/clear/certain.
it is true that he is angry with her.
12、sb.+be+形容词+to do sth.
that+从句。
此句型用人做主语,后常跟随表达人的感情、能力等的形容词。如:angry/pleased/glad/happy/sure/surprised/afraid.
注意此句型一般不可改成“it is +形容词+that…”或“it is +adj.+of/for+sb.+to do sth.
的句型。
i’m glad to see you.
i’m angry to hear that.
be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事。
be afraid doing sth.担心会发生。。。
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