英语四级笔记 写作部分

发布 2021-03-13 22:31:28 阅读 3352

第一章写作与翻译。

一。综述。时间分配:

3m-5m 审题+列提纲。

6m-30m 完成写作。

字数120-150(150词最佳)

量化:全文15句左右,每句10词左右。

第一段 3-4句。

第二段 6-8句。

第三段 3-4句。

评分制度:内容(content)

语言(language)

1.词汇(words)

ⅰ.拼写错误(spelling mistakes);

.丰富文章的谓语动词。

2.语句(sentence)

.语法问题 (①主谓一致问题②时态问题③语态问题);

.丰富句型句式;

.中式英文。

3.段落(passage)

.文章分为三段;

.每段第一句必须是该段的主题句。

高分文章的特点:

1.文章分三段;

2.主题句位于段首(将提纲翻译为相应英文);

3.闪光点(谚语);

4.条理清晰(文章**现表顺序的单词).

高分作文的要素:

1.结构清晰:

①文章框架要合理(三段);

文章结构要完整(总-分-总);

文章主题不偏离(每段有段落主题句);

各段详略要得当(3-4,6-8,3-4).

2.语言丰富(句型句式多变化,词汇尽量不重复。);

3.内容充实;

4.出现亮点(“潜词造句要地道,开头结尾破常规。适当运用修辞法,恰当运用警言句。”)

提高写作能力的方法:

扩充内容;丰富语言;固定结构。

加长文章的方法:

不断地添加废话—定语。

四级考试作文的结构要求:

1. 引言段:表明文章话题,吸引读者兴趣,暗示正文内容;

2. 正文段:⑴第一部分:段落主题句;

第二部分:三组支持论点的论据;

第三部分:本段的总结句;

3. 结论段:⑴总结的写法:简单的重复 ; 评论的写法:本人的观点。

四级协作构思文章:

确保文章内容正确。

确保文章内容充实。

1.专家证言法(expert testimony);

2.统计数据法(statistics);

3.举例法(example);

4.个人经历(personal experience);

5.逻辑推理(logic and reasoning);

6.常识法(known facts);

7.类比法(analogy)。

四级写作过程:

前写作阶段(1.解决文章内容问题;2.解决文章结构问题).

第一步:读懂考题,划出考题要点;

第二步:依据要点,打开思路;

第三步:筛选出最佳写作思路。

写作阶段(解决文章语言问题).

成功语言体现的五个方面:

⑴长短,句错落有致;

倒装,强调句适当穿插;

主动,被动合理利用;

比较结构巧妙使用;

句与句间衔接紧密。

选词的适切性: ⑴考虑读者和作者之间的关系;⑵选词的正确程度。

二。书信类及图表类作文总结。

书信类作文。

格式(五部分)

1.开头(heading):地址(address); 邮编位于市与省之间); 日期(date).

2.称谓(salutation): eq. dear brook,3.正文(body):首段第一句交代清楚写信目的。

4.结束语(complementary close): yours sincerely;②yours faithfully.

5.署名(signature): 注意》用文章提供的名称(绝不能出现类似真实姓名)

常用句型:thank you for your letter of...

it is a pleasure for me invite you on behalf of...to accept...

thanks so much for your letter, which arrived...

i am writing to you with reference to...

i am writing to you in connection with...

i would be grateful if you could/would...

i would like to know some information on...

it will be appreciated if you can/could...

i would like to know if you can/could...

i look forward to hearing from you.

图表类作文。

1.表述图表变化:①最小的一部分;②最大的一部分;③图表变化趋势,规律。

2.分析变化原因:

上升(increase)

small/least/slight/modest increase缓慢↑;

big/dramatic/considerable/significant/massive increase快速↑;

top, summit, peak

grow, raise, rise+ leap(跳跃式), leak(漏液/气), get out(消息泄露);

peak(顶部)→n. reach the ~ of sth.; v. ~at sth.

下降(decrease)

①decrease 缓慢/快速↓

②bottom(底部) reach the ~ of sth. 跌至谷底 (~up 干杯,强调喝光);

reduce, descend (decline), drop(撤诉;发邮件), fall.

常用句式:图象描述:the chart describes that...

it can be seen from the diagram that...

as is shown in the graph如图所示。

the graph shows that图表显示。

as can be seen from the table从表中可以看出。

整体趋势变化类型:

the general trend is that...

there is an overall increase/decrease in the total number of sth.(文章中心)

比例描述法:sth.+ v.+ 所占比例。

eq. .stand out/take up(占据) 45% of total number of...

in 1985, the number remained the same2023年,这个数字保持不变。

the increase of...in the city has reached to 20%.

..在这个城市的增长已经达到20%.

all these data clearly prove the fact that...

所有这些数据明显证明。这一事实。

用于开头的常用句型:

the problem of… has aroused people`s concern.

become a problem we h**e to face.

is commonly belived that…/it is a common belief that…

people insist that…

lot of people seem to think that…

the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…

用于结尾的常用句型:

what has been discussed/mentioned above, we may conclude that…

what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that…

all the reasons/consideration above, it is evident/clear/obvious that…

it is not difficult to drew/come to the conclusion that…

is high time that something was done about…

is clear, therefore, that…

into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion that…

the reasons/considerationi h**e just outlined/discussed/presented, i strongly recommend that…

in all, what really matters is, in fact, to…

is essential that effective measure be taken to…

all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…

into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that…

better come to the conclusion that…

is no doubt that… has its drawbacks as well as merits.

is high that we put an end to the (tend).

is time to take the advice of… and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…

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