第41讲复合句—宾语从句。
复习目标】掌握宾语从句的语序。
掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词。
掌握宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互呼应。
课前准备】要求学生回顾宾语从句的概念及其用法，并用各种引导词各造一个句子。
知识要点】1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，从句放在主句之后，前后不用逗号分开。
2.引导宾语从句的词有：
连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如：
he knows that jim will work hard.
连接代词who, whom, which等，如：
do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：
could you tell me how we can get to the station?
和if都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后，不定式之前，与or not连用，在句首或在引导表语从句，同位语从句时，只能用whether,如：i want to know if/whether the news is true. he doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从句中谓语动。
词也要用过去范畴的时态，但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如：
he asked who could answer the question.
my father told me that the earth goes around the sun.
6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。
7.当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时，宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句，那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。
如：i don't think he looks like his father, does he?
8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接。
1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如：
he said,“i'm happy.”[fy()[fy]]he said that he was happy.
2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句，如：
he asked me,“does his father know mr green?”
--he asked me if his father knew mr green.
3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，如：
he asked me,“where is mr wang?”
--he asked me where mr wang was.
注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。
典型例题解析】
例1 we h**en't decided __we will go there for a picnic tomorrow.
a. where b. whyc. whend. whether
解析本题中已有there,所以不必决定去哪儿，已有for a picnic,不必决定为什么，已有tomorrow,不必决定什么时间，而whether表示是否，故选d。
例2 do you know __
a. what time will the plane take off
b. what time would the plane take off
c. what time the plane will take off
d. the plane will take off at what time
解析宾语从句要用陈述句的语序，故选c。
例3 the manager came up to see __
a. what was the matterb. what the matter was
c. what the matter isd. what's the matter
解析本题主句用了过去式，故从句要用过去范畴的时态，所以排除c和d，又因为what在从句中充当主语，所以语序不变，故选a。
例4 can you tell me when [cd#3] back?
a. will he be b. does he come c. he will be d. did he come
解析因为宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故只能选c。
例5 nobody but jim and his uncle __
a. know who is heb. know who he is
c. knows who is hed. knows who he is
解析 nobody but…句式中的谓语动词为单数，即取决于but前面部分，要用knows,排除a、b，然后检查陈述句语序，故选d。
选讲例题】例6 could you tell me
a. where lived heb. where he lived
c. where did he lived. where he lives
解析本题中陈述句语序只有b、d，又因为主句中的could表示委婉语气，并非过去式，故选d。
例7 h**e you heard from jack lately? i want to know___
a. how is he getting along b. how he is getting along
c. what is he getting ond. what he is getting on
解析四个选项中只有b和d用了陈述句语序，而相处怎么样应该用how来提问，故选b。
课内追踪练习】
合并下列句子。
will le**e a message on his desk. she says...
she says (that) she will le**e a message on his desk.
is very cold. he told me...
he told me (that) it was very cold.
you give me a hand? i want to know...
i want to know if/whether you can give me a hand.
can we show our tickets? please tell us...
please tell us where we can show our tickets.
sun is bigger than the moon. he told his son...
he told his son (that) the sun is bigger than the moon.
handwriting is the best? did you know...
did you know whose handwriting was the best?
will they le**e for england? i didn't know...
i didn't know when they would le**e for england.
复习小结】1 牢记宾语从句中的陈述句语序。
2 注意主句与从句时态的一致性(即：当主句是过去式时，从句要用过去范畴的某。
种时态，客观真理或自然现象除外)。
课外巩固练习】
一、选择合适的词填空，使句意通顺。
hai told me why he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, why)
you tell me who else is going to be on duty? (who, whom)
said that it wouldn't matter much.(that, if)
always thinks how he can do better.(how, who)
really don't know how soon the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon)
二、在下列各空白处填上适当的连接词，使句意通顺。
don't know when we are going hiking.
wanted to know if her coat would be ready the next day.
was really surprised at what i saw.
don't understand why so many people are crowding round him.
you know whose skirt it is?
三、完成句子。
really h**e no idea what subject i should choose.(我该选择什么课题)
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