简单句、并列句和复合句。
考点一简单句。
1. 简单句只包含一个主谓结构。
2. 五种简单句：
1) 主+谓。 he comes at last.
2) 主+系+表。 she is a teacher.
the soup tastes nice.
3) 主+谓+宾。 they reached the village.
4) 主+谓+间宾+直宾。 he g**e me a pen.
5) 主+谓+宾+宾补。 i find that book very useful.
考点二并列句。
并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句，用连词连接起来。
常用的连接词有：
1. 表示顺承关系的：and, not only…but also（不仅….而且….）等。
she __g**e us a lot of advicehelped us to overcome difficulties.
linda tried to become an excellent teacher, _at last she succeeded.
2. 表示选择关系和否定条件的有or（还是，否则）
do you want to le**e now __would you rather set off later?
wear your coat, _you’ll catch a cold.
3. 表示转折关系的有but, yet等。
he is young, but he works hard.虽然他年轻，但工作努力。
4. 表示因果关系的有for, so 等。
my leg hurts so i go to see a doctor. 我的腿疼，因此我去看医生。
考点三主从复合句：宾语从句。
1. 宾语从句的引导词。
1）引导陈述句用 that(在口语和非正式文体中常常省略)
he tells me (that ) he is going shopping this sunday.
2) 引导一般疑问句用if或whether.
she asked me if\ whether she could join us. (whether…or not)
(3) 引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词。
she asked them what they were doing.
2. 宾语从句的语序 ：要用陈述句语序。
i want to know when the train left.
3. 宾语从句的时态。
（1）主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选用各种时态。
he tells us that he has been able to look after himself.
2) 主句是过去时态，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。
they said that they had already finished the work.
3) 如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
he said that light tr**els faster than sound.
3. 练习。
1）she asked me, “will you go to the cinema tomorrow?” 改为含宾语从句的复合句)
she asked me___i __go to the cinema the next day.
2) how lovely the dog is! can you tell me __
a. where did you get it b. where will you get it c. where you got it
3) -can you tell me __your parents at home?
-- i often wash clothes and sweep the floor.
a. how will you help b. how you help c. how will you help d. how do you help
4) when i was young, my grandfather told me that the sun __rise) in the east.
考点四状语从句。
一、状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。
1.地点状语从句。
地点状语从句通常由 where 引导。
put all the things __they were.
a. where b. when c. whose d. which
2.时间状语从句(主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时)
时间状语从句的引导词有when, before, after, until, as soon as, since, while, as 等。
she was cooking when someone knock at the door.
what will you do after you finished your homework?
3.条件状语从句。
在条件状语从句中，常用的引导词有if, unless等。
if it dosen’t rain, i” ll go fishing.
they will h**e a picnic unless it rains next sunday.
4.原因状语从句。
原因状语从句常用的引导词有because, as, since（既然）等。
he didn’t come because he was ill.
since we are students, we should study hard.
because 和so 不能在一个句子中同时使用。
5. 结果状语从句。
结果状语从句主要由so…that…, such…that…引导。
it’s so hot that we want to go swimming.
that’s such an interesting story that everybody likes it.
so… that…与简单句之间的句型转换。
1） that后的句子是否定句，常用too…to进行转换。
he is so young that he can’t go to school. he is too young to go to school.
2) that后的句子是肯定句。常用enough to 进行转换。
the shirt was so cheap that he bought it. the shirt was cheap enough for him to buy.
6.目的状语从句。
目的状语从句常用的引导词有so that, in order that 等 in order to 简单句。
please say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.
he works harder in order that he can go to a good college.
7. 让步状语从句。
引导词有though, although, even if, even though(尽管)等。
he often helps others though\ although he is not rich.
they will stand by you even if you don’t succeed.
though, although与but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。
8.比较状语从句。
比较状语从句由than, as…as…, not as\so… as等引导。(比较级)
he is more outgoing than i.
he ran as fast as mike.
二、练习。1. it’s quite common in britain to say “thank you”to the drivers __people get off the bus.
a. after b. since c. until d. when
2. the art club is for members only. you can’t go in __you are a member.
a. unless b. because c. if d. though
3. now many parents send their children to foreign countries, _they want them to get a better education.
a. until b. though c. because
4. -what would some students like to do after finishing their education?
---they would like to start to work___they needn’t depend on their parents completely.
a. as soon as b. so that c. before d. while
考点五定语从句。
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词（关系代词和关系副词）。
1.关系代词的基本用法。
the manspoke at the meeting is from hong kong. (指人作主语)
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