必备的英语语法

发布 2021-02-07 01:48:28 阅读 1889

第1章主谓一致。

一。概念:主谓一致是指:

1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:

there is much water in the thermos.

但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

二。相关知识点精讲。

1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:

reading and writing are very important.读写很重要。

注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:

the iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

典型例题。the league secretary and monitor __asked to make a speech at the meeting.

a. is b. was c. are d. were

答案b.注:先从时态上考虑。

这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除a.,c。本题易误选d,因为the league secretary and monitor好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。

后面的职务用and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选b。

2.主谓一致中的靠近原则。

1)当there be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:

there is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

there are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。

2)当either…or… 与neither…nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:

either you or she is to go.不是你去,就是她去。

here is a pen, a few envelops and some ***** for you.给你笔、信封和纸。

3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致。

当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:

the teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

he as well as i wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

4.谓语需用单数的情况。

1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时,谓语需用单数。例如:

each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每人都有录音机。

there is something wrong with my watch.我的表坏了。

2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:

the arabian night is a book known to lovers of english.《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。

3)表示金钱,时间,**或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:

three weeks was allowed for ****** the necessary preparations.用三个星期来做准备。

ten yuan is enough.十元够了。

5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数。

1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:

all is right. 一切顺利。

all are present. 人都到齐了。

2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:

his family isn't very large.他家成员不多。

his family are music lovers. 他家个个都是**爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:

are there any police around?附近有警察吗?

3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:

a number of +名词复数+复数动词。

the number of +名词复数+单数动词。

a number of books h**e lent out.

the majority of the students like english.

6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况。

1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:

most of his money is spent on books.他大部分的钱化在书上了。

most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:a series of accidents has been reported.

**报道了一连串的事故。

a pile of lots was set beside the hearth.炉边有一堆木柴。

3)如many a或more than one所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than…of作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:

many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。

more than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

三。巩固练习。

)1. the number of people invited___fifty, but a number of them___absent for different reasons.

a. were,wasb. was, was

c. was,wered. were, were

)2. e-mail, as well as telephonesan important part in daily communication.

a. is playingb. h**e played

c. are playingd. play

)3. _of the land in that district___covered with trees and grass.

a. two fifth,isb. two fifth,are

c. two fifths,isd. two fifths,are

) minutes___a long time for one who waits.

a. seemb. seems

c. seemedd. are seemed

)5. eric is the only one of the boys who___a driving license.

a. hasb. h**e

c. is h**ingd. are h**ing’

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