美联英语英语语法 高中英语语法手册

发布 2021-02-07 01:35:28 阅读 5570

关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里

美联英语提供:高中英语语法手册22

i'm glad to meet you.见到你我很高兴。

a. 不定式作宾语时,句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,与不定式动词的关系是主动关系,但有时不定式和主语却是动宾关系。

english is not difficult to learn.英语不难学。

the question is easy to answer.这个问题很好回答。

b. feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等动词后如果是不定式作宾语,后面有宾语补足语时,将真正的宾语不定式放在补足语的后面,而将形式宾语it放在补语之前。

he found it hard to learn maths.他发现数学很难学。

i think it our duty to support the elder.我认为赡养老人是我们的义务。

4)不定式作定语。

不定式作定语时,需放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。它与所修饰的名词或代词有下列关系:

动宾关系。h**e you got anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?

she did not h**e much money to spend.她没有更多的钱花。

注意:如果不定式的动词是不及物动词,和所修饰名词搭配的介词不能省略。

he had no room to live in.他没房子住。

there are 60 desks for us to sit by.有六十张桌子供我们坐。

主谓关系。he is always the first to come and last to le**e.他总是第一个来,最后一个走。

the next train to arrive is from washington.下一列到站的火车是从华盛顿开来的。

同位语关系。

the farmers thought of ways to protect their crops.农民们想出保护庄稼的办法。

he had the wish to be an artist. 他愿意当艺术家。

a. 不定式可以修饰there be 结构中作主语的名词。

there is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。

there is enough money to spare.钱足够用。

b. 有些动词和形容词后常跟不定式,这些词派生出来的名词ability, agreement, anxiety, attempt, claim, decision, determination, eagerness, need, plan, promise, tendency, willingness, wish, impatience, inclination等常跟不定式作定语,这类词后的不定式常表同位关系。

she had a tendency to talk too much.她喜欢唠叨。

his eagerness to get back home was quite obvious.看的出,他急于回家。

5)不定式作状语。

不定式作状语时,常表示目的、结果、原因、条件等,通常放在它所修饰的动词之后。

表目的。不定式作目的状语时,其动作发生在谓语动词之后,一般放在句子后部。但如要表示强调,也可以位于句首,前面可加in order,不定式作目的状语时其否定必须用in order not +不定式,或so as not +不定式。

in order to 引出的不定式可置于句首或句中,so as not+不定式不能放在句首,只能放在句中。

he stopped to h**e a rest.他停下来休息。(目的)

to search for gold, many people went to california.为了寻找金子,许多人去了加利福尼亚。(目的)

i often read china daily so as to improve my reading.我常读《中国**》以提高我的阅读。(目的)

we often listen to english broadcasts to/in order to/so as to get listening training.我们经常听英语广播,以增强听力训练。

此句可改变:to/in order to (但不能用so as to)get listening training, we often listen to english broadcasts.

比较:在英语中,目的一般用不定式表示,而不用for+动名词或者分词表示。

she has phoned to say that she will resign.她打**说她要辞职。(不用for saying)

we eat to live.我们吃饭是为了生存。(不用for eating)

to pass the exam, he worked hard at his lesson.为了能通过考试,他刻苦读书。(此处不能用passing the exam)

表示结果。a few days later he came back only to find that the troop had left.他几天后回来,发现部队已经离开了。

(不定式动作后发生)

she tried to kill herself only to be s**ed.她企图自杀,后来被救了。(常代only 一词表明是结果)

few people live to be a hundred years old.很少有人能活到一百岁。

a. 形容词如right, polite, crazy, generous, good, greedy, kind, selfish, silly, splendid, nice, unselfish, unkind等对人进行表扬或批评,后接不定式表示结果,不定式的逻辑主语也就是句子主语。

he is very polite to show us the way.他很有礼貌给我们指路。

he is silly to say so. 他这么说太傻了。

b. 不定式和only连用,表示未预料到的结果。

he woke up only to find himself famous.他一觉醒来,竟发现自己成名了。

the thief broke into the house only to find it empty.小偷闯进屋子,却发现是空的。

c.在so… as to, such …as to, enough to等结构中的不定式皆表示结果。

he is too young to join the army.他太年轻了,不能参军。

he is so careless as to forget his pen.她太粗心了,以至于把钢笔忘了带。

d.“too …to”表示结果意为:太……而不能……,但有时不含否定意义。

he is too excited to sleep.他太激动了,不能入睡。(否定)

we are only too pleased to work together with you.我们同你一起工作,真是太高兴了。(肯定)

you are too ready to find out fault with others.你太好挑剔别人了。(肯定)

表示原因,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。

she wept to see him in such a terrible state.她看到他这种可怕的样子就哭了。

the whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn the death of lincoln. 听到林肯去逝的消息,全国都沉浸在悲痛之中。

表示条件。动词不定式有时也可以表示条件,一般置于句首,否定不定式表示条件多置于句尾,这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。

to hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world.要是听他讲话,你会认为整个世界都是他的。

one would be careless not to see the mistake.如果一个人看不到自己的缺点他就会疏忽大意。

表示伴随。这种情况不定式常以独立结构出现。

they divided the work, john to wash the vegetables and mary to cook the meal.他们做了分工,约翰洗菜;玛丽做饭。

a number of students sat around the professor, some to ask questions, some to discuss among themselves.一些学生围着教授坐,有的问问题,有的自己讨论。

表明说话人的态度, 在句中作独立成分。

to tell the truth, this all greek to me.说实话,我对此一窍不通。

to make a long story short, he became bankrupt.简单的说,他破产了。

to be true, we can do it well.当然,我们能做好。

除此之外还有:

to be brief 简而言之、to be exact 精确的说、to be frank with you老实对你说 、to be plain 老实说 、to put it straight直截了当、to bring the story short长话短说、to return to my subject言归正传、to change the subject换一个话题、to use his own words用自己的话说、to make matter worse更糟的是、to give him his due公正地说、strange to say奇怪地说、to say nothing of姑且不讲、to conclude总之、to crown all更好(坏)的是、to be honest直率地说、to start /begin with首先、to do him justice说句公道话、to sum up总之,总而言之等。这些短语大都位于句首,偶尔位于句中或句尾,需要用逗号和其他成分隔开。但表示“更不用说”的几个短语一般要放在句尾,如to say nothing of, not to say, not to mention, not to speak of, let alone, much less, much more 等。

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