英语写作中的时态

发布 2021-02-06 23:53:28 阅读 5270

叙事一般用过去式,对应完成时进行时等都要进行变换。而其中的议论一般是使用一般时,因为是自己的评论。想法感受等比如感觉疲劳那用过去时,而光荣等能持续到现在的,一般就用现在时。

如果是客观真理事实,那么无论如何都要用现在时。

议**、说明文一般用一般时。

特别注意在直接引语中要用一般时态(特殊情况除外)

1.要是明天下雨的话,这场比赛就要取消。

误] the match will be canceled if it will rain tomorrow.

正] the match will be canceled if it rains tomorrow.

分析:在条件从句里要用一般现在时态表将来,所以will rain应该改为rains.但是will如果表示意愿的话,可以用条件从句或时间从句表将来。但主语一定要是人。例如:

if you will come, you can.

如果你愿意的话,你可以跟我去。

2.地理老师告诉我们,地球是绕太阳转的。

误] the geography teacher told us that the earth moved round the sun.

正] the geography teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun.

分析:根据时态一致性原则,主句的谓语如果是一般过去时态时,从句一般要与其时态对应。即从句的时态必须用过去时态、过去进行时态、过去完成时态等。

但如果从句所表达的内容是一种规律、习惯性的东西,从句的谓语也不要改变。

3.你总是犯这个错误。

误] you always make the same mistake.

正] you are always ****** the same mistake.

分析:be + 频度副词 + 现在分词,这种进行时态,是一种表达具有感**彩的表达。一般现在时态不能表达这个含义。

4.我们马上就要出发了,因此没有时间去看他了。

误] we are about to le**e at once, so there is no time to visit him.

正] we are about to le**e, so there is no time to visit him.

分析:be about to do sth意思是“即将,马上…”。它不能和以一时间状语连用:

tomorrow, at once, soon, in a moment, in time, immediately等。

5.我本来打算去告诉你的,可是我错过了最后一班车。

误] i would tell you about it, but i missed the last bus.

正] i was going to tell you about it, but i missed the last bus.

分析:过去打算要做什么,要用was/were going to do这个句型。would do 这种将来时态没有计划和安排的含义。

6.转眼间在这里一下就住了十年了。

误] it is ten years since we h**e lived here.

正] it is ten years since we lived here.

分析:it is + 时间 + since…意思是“自从…以来又有…”。在此句型中,前面主句的时态应该用is或has been, 在现代英语中,多用is。

从句的时态应该用过去时态,如果前面主句用的是过去时态,后面的从句相应该用过去完成时态。例如:it was three years since he had joined the army five years ago.

7.这是他第二次去美国了。

误] this is the second time that he went to the united states.

正] this is the second time that he has been to the united states.

分析:要表达第几次做什么事,应该用“it is + 序数词 + that) +主语 + h**e done ”这个句型。如果该句型里的is用过去时态,那么,从句里的时态也应该用过去完成时态。

那么这个句型为:it was + 序数词 + that) +主语 + had done.

8.妈妈对孩子说:“作业没做完,你不出去玩。”

误] you can’t go out to play as your homework is not being finished.

正] you can’t go out to play before your homework will be finished.

分析: before 是一个表示时间的连词,它连接的时间状语从句应该且一般现在时态表将来,因此,从句的谓语应该由将来时态改一般现在时态。

9.他们一回到家里,就下起雨来了。

误] they hardly got home when it began to rain.

正] they had hardly got home when it began to rain.

正]hardly had they got home when it began to rain.

分析:hardly…when/before…是一组连词,意思是“一…就…”。在这个连词连接的句子中,句子的前半部分应该用过去完成时态。

后部分用过去时态。在这个句型中,如果hardly放在句首,这个句子应该倒倒装。具有相同用法与意思的连词还有:

no sooner…than…; scarcely…when/before…等。

10.上个星期我们本来打算来看你的。

误] we hoped to come and see you last week.

正] we had hoped to come and see you last week.

分析:had hoped to do 表示过去没有实现的愿望。类似的句型还有如下:

had meant to do (=meant to h**e done …)

had intended to do (=intended to h**e done …)

had thought to do (=thought to h**e done…)

had hoped that + 主语 + would do…

11.他打**告诉我说他丢失的眼镜找到了。

误] he phoned to tell me that he found the lost glasses.

正] he phoned to tell me that he had found the lost glasses.

分析:根据时态的致性原则,主句用一般过去时态时,从句应该用过去时态(过去进行时态、一般过去时态、过去完成时态)。如果从句的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前,从句应该用过去完成时态。

12.要是我买了昨天的**会的票那就好了。

误] if only i bought the ticket for the concert yesterday.

正] if only i had bought the ticket for the concert yesterday.

分析:if only 是一个固定词组,意思是“要是…那就好了”。这是表达一个针对过去的一个虚拟的愿望。

在该句型中,谓语致词应该用过去完成时态。类似这样的表达虚拟的句型还有:wish that + 主语 + had done….

(希望过去做过…);would/had rather (that) +主语 + had done…。

13.希望你们能够马到成功。

误] you are hoped to succeed at the beginning.

正] it is hoped that you will succeed at the beginning.

分析:hope sb to do sth这外句型是错误的。hope 不能带不定式作复合宾语。

要表达这个意思有两种方法:① it is hoped that…; we hoped that you will…

14. 这个问题目前很难解决。

误] this problem is difficult to be solved at present.

正] this problem is difficult to solve at present.

分析:在“…adj + to do”这种结构中,作状语的不定式与该的主语构成逻辑动词关系,习惯上,这下不定式应该用主动表被动。

15. 你应该在8:00 赶到。

误] you supposed to arrive at 8:00.

正] you are supposed to arrive at 8:00.

分析:be supposed to do sth这是一个句型,意思是“理应。。。应当。。。

按理。。。如果用于否定,意思是“不可。。。不许。。。

表示一种委婉的禁止。例如:

you are not supposed to smoke in this building.你可不要在这栋建筑物里抽烟。

16. 在那些日子里,那些工人们被迫工作12小时以上。

误] the workers are made work over twenty hours a day in those days.

正] the workers are made to work over twenty hours a day in those days.

分析:动词不定式在使径动词后make, let及感管动词后feel, watch, see, notice, hear, listen to, observe等动词后作宾语补时,常省略to,但转换成被动语态时,一定要加上这个to.

17. 这种布摸起来很柔软。

误] this kind of cloth is felt soft.

正] this kind of cloth feels soft.

分析:感管动词feel, taste, sound, smell, look, seem, appear等的主动形式表被动含义。

18. 他讲的英语人家听不懂。

误] he can’t make himself understand in english.

正] he can’t make himself understood in english.

分析:make oneself + 过去分词,这是一个句型,意思是“让自己被人家所理解”。类似这样的动词还有:

feel, hear, realize, understand,pay attention to, know等。

19. 你昨天把什么送去修理了。

误] what did you h**e to repair yesterday?

正] what did you h**e repaired yesterday?

分析:h**e sth done,此句型的意思是“让某事被做”。

20. 那栋房子是属于他的。

误] that house is belonged to him.

正] that house belong to him.

分析:belong to是及物动词,但是没有被动语态。以下动词同样没有被动语态:take place; break out等。

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