part a
a different way of putting this is to say that 换种说法。
accordingly , 相应地，as sb. puts it , 像某人所说，a pertinent question to ask would appear to be why …要问的一个紧迫问题似乎是为什么。
as a consequence , 结果，also, …再者，additionally , 再者。
as argued above, …如上所说，as pointed out above, …如上所说，as noted earlier, …如前面所说，a fundamental issue that must be addressed is …必须强调的一个根本问题是。
analogously, …相似地。
as discussed below, …如下所讨论的，as such, …正因为如此，actually, …实际上，as predicted by sb, …如某人所**的，as we all know,像我们都知道的，as a result,结果，as discussed above,像上面所讨论的，as mentioned above,像上面所提到的，at the same time,同时，akin to x is y. 与x 相似的是y。
as we emphasized previously,… 如我们以前所强调的，……
as has been pointed out earlier, …如早先已经指出的，……
a much less emphasized outcome of this discussion is that …这一讨论的一个很少强调的结果是。
as has been well recognized , 像人们已经很好地认识到的，……
part b
besides, …此外，by the same token, …同样的理由。
broadly speaking,更广地说。
better than x is y. 比x更好的是y。
by comparison with x, …与x比较，by x we mean that我们借x指的是。
because of this, …因此，……
buttressing this view is a common belief that … 支撑这种观点的共同信念是……
part c
considering x, it is not surprising that… 考虑到x，什么就不会令人惊讶了。
contrary to that, …与那形成对照的是，consequently, …结果，close related to x is y.同x紧密相关的是y。
clearly, …明显地，central to this argument is …这种观点的核心是。
curiously, 令人奇怪地，consistent with the view that …与什么观点一致。
closely related is …紧密相关的是……
compared to x y is less direct. y较之x更不直接。
part d
during the last few years,在最近几年，doing sth is not as easy as you might think.做某事并非像你认为的那样容易。
part e
eventually,最终，equally important is同样重要的是。
even so,即使如此。
equally important, 同样重要的是，part f
first of all , 首先。
furthermore , 进而。
for simplicity, we suppose that …为了简化，我们假定。
finally, …最终。
for this reason,因为这个理由。
from this we may conclude that… 我们可从这得出结论。
firstly, 首先。
part g
part h
hardly … when … 几乎未来得及……就……
however, it says little about sth.然而，关于某事它说得很少。
hence , 因此。
however, …然而。
historically speaking, …历史地讲，hardly anyone would deny that … 任何人都难以否定。
however, with rare exceptions, 然而，很少例外，part i
……,indicating a much-needed dialogue on sth.什么显示关于什么的对话非常必需。
in particular,特别地，it seems that …事情似乎是。
in short , 总之。
in order to …,it is necessary to …为了什么，做什么是必要的。
in general , 一般地，in effect , 实际上。
in fact ,…实际上。
it is clear that … 很明显。
indeed , 的确，instead ,
intuitively, we can …直觉上，我们能。
in conclusion , 总之。
in such, …
in addition, …再者。
in reality , 实际上。
in practice, however …然而，实际上。
it is not difficult to see that …不难明白的是。
it should be stressed that …应当强调的是。
it is worthwhile to do sth.做什么是值得的。
it is worth doing sth. 做什么是值得的。
it seems therefore possible that …因此那似乎是可能的。
it is necessary to do …做什么是必要的。
in contrast with x, y is …与x形成对照的是，y
in contrast to this, 与此形成对照，in other words, .换种说法。
in sum, …总之。
interest in this question dates back to sb.对这个问题的兴趣可上溯到某人。
in essence, …本质上。
it is fair to say that …可以公平地说。
in this sense, …在此意义上。
in principle,原则上，it is difficult to imagine that难以想象的是。
it is, however, too early to do sth.然而，做某事还为时尚早。
in his view,以他的观点，it is well known that众所周知，important for our purposes is对我们的目的重要的是。
in our analysis we h**e assumed that …在我们的分析中我们假定。
in our view, …以我们的观点。
it should be underlined here that … 应当在此强调的是。
it has been pointed out that …有人已经指出……
it is equally inappropriate (important) to do sth.做什么事是同样不恰当的（重要的）
in another respect,另一方面。
it can be expected that…可以预期。
it is now widely accepted that…人们现在普遍接受的是……
in doing so, 在这样做的过程中。
it is sb who does sth. 是谁做某事。
it is well-known that …众所周知的是。
it is plausible to suppose that…可以合理地假设。
in what follows, 在下面，
part j
part k
part l
little attention is paid to issues concerning sth.人们很少注意有关什么事情的问题。
logically, …逻辑上讲，likewise (similarly), 相似地，little can be learned from sth. 从什么中能够学到的东西很少。
part m
most interestingly,最有趣的是，moreover , 再者。
more generally, …更一般地，more importantly, …更重要的是，more complex is更复杂的是，more broadly,更广泛地，more specifically,更特别地，more useful for our purposes is对我们的目的更有用的是。
more relevant and interesting is更重要和有趣的是。
more surprising, …更令人惊讶的是，most importantly,最重要的是。
much more important, 更加重要得多的是，part n
no sooner … than … 一……就……
nevertheless …然而，next, …其次，not surprisingly,…毫不奇怪，no doubt, …毫无疑问。
needless to say,不用说，noteworthy here is这里值得说明的是。
not surprising is that … 不用惊讶的是。
part o
one reason for this is that …一个理由是。
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