句子结构之(五)——并列句的写作与训练。
用并列连词，逗号＋连词或分号把两个或两个以上的、具有逻辑关系的简单句连接成一体，就构成了并列句。
并列句中的前后两个分句根据其逻辑关系可以分为以下几种：
一、添加关系
前后两个分句在意思上是顺连和添加。使用并列连词and最多，not only ..but also ..也可连接两个并列的分句。
talents come from diligence, and knowledge is gained by accumulation.
天才在于勤奋，知识在于积累。
not only does he speak english correctly, but also he speaks it fluently.
他不仅英语说得对，也说得很流利。
二、转折关系
多用连词but, yet, while, whereas等连接两个分句，前后两个分句在语意上为转折关系。
the composition is all right, but there is room for improvement.
这篇作文很好，然而仍有改进的空间。
he must be over sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty.
他一定有60多岁了，而他的妻子看起来大约30岁。
三、选择关系
主要用or, either ..or ..neither ..nor ..otherwise等连词连接，前后两个分句为选择关系。
either we go now or we remain here forever.
要么我们现在走，要么我们永远在这儿待下去。
neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。
点津] 使用neither ..nor ..连接两个分句时，因为都是否定词，所以它们后面的分句均倒装。
四、因果关系
多用连词for和so连接。for表示原因，对前面的情况加以解释，用逗号把它和前面的分句分开；so表示结果，意为“因此；所以；于是”。
i apologized to her, for i had wronged her.
我向她道歉了，因为我错怪了她。
it was late, so we went home.
天晚了，所以我们就回家去了。
五、时间关系
指用并列连词when连接两个分句而构成的并列句，表示“就在这时突然……”
i was about to le**e when the telephone rang.
我刚要走，突然**铃响了。
we played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.
我们在户外一直玩到太阳下山，这时天突然下起雨来了。
针对训练].单句改错。
1．he is fat, and his brother is thin.
2．he doesn't like learning maths, so do i.
3．neither he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
4．not only he sings well, but also he dances well.
5．seize the chance, and you will regret it.
.合并句子。
1． could all day sit on a wet rock and fish.
b．he did not say a word.
2． university seemed small.
b．the university had many great programs.
3． smoking now.
b．your health will be ruined.
4．'s parents were proud of her.
b．kate was the first member of the family to graduate from high school.
5． has always been interested in computer science.
b．tom is majoring in english now.
.翻译句子
1．(2012·江苏书面表达)他们开始大喊大叫，随后变成了可怕的争吵。(and)
2．她一定是病了，因为她今天早上没来上学。
3．我爱喝黑咖啡，而她喜欢喝加奶油的咖啡。
4．这不仅能提高小学生的效率，而且也激励学生比以前学习更努力。
5．一定要选择一个好的并且适合的班级或老师，要不然的话，那将会浪费时间和金钱。
keys：.单句改错。
1．he is fat, and his brother is thin.
and_改为but_或while
2．he doesn't like learning maths, so do i.
so_改为neither/nor
3．neither he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
第一个he前加has
4．not only he sings well, but also he dances well.
前一分句改为not_only_does_he_sing_well
5．seize the chance, and you will regret it.
and_改为or_或or_else_或otherwise
.合并句子。
1． could all day sit on a wet rock and fish.
b．he did not say a word.
he_could_all_day_sit_on_a_wet_rock_and_fish_and_he_did_not_say_a_word./he_could_all_day_sit_on_a_wet_rock_and_fish,__and_he_did_not_say_a_word._
2． university seemed small.
b．the university had many great programs.
the_university_seemed_small,__but_it_had_many_great_programs._/the_university_seemed_small,__yet_it_had_many_great_programs._
3． smoking now.
b．your health will be ruined.
stop_smoking_now,__or_your_health_will_be_ruined._/stop_smoking_now,__or_else_your_health_will_be_ruined._/stop_smoking_now,__otherwise_your_health_will_be_ruined.
4．'s parents were proud of her.
b．kate was the first member of the family to graduate from high school.
kate_was_the_first_member_of_the_family_to_graduate_from_high_school,__so_her_parents_were_proud_of_her.__kate's_parents_were_proud_of_her,__for_she_was_the_first_member_of_the_family_to_graduate_from_high_school.
5． has always been interested in computer science.
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