section i: structure and vocabulary (20 points)
part a (5 points)
part b (5 points)
part c (10 points)
section ii: cloze test (10 points)
section iii: reading comprehension (40 points)
section iv: english-chinese translation (15 points)
71. 事实并非如此， 因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的， 而这种共同认识并不存在。
72. 有些哲学家论证说， 权利只存在在于社会契约中， 是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
73. 这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端， 它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅， 要么完全冷漠无情。
74. 这类人持极端看法， 认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同， 对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
75. 这种反应并不错， 这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用， 这种本能应得到鼓励， 而不应遭到嘲弄。
section v: writing (15 points)
76. 参考范文。
例文一。we meet smokers everywhere: in the streets, on college campuses and in shops.
there are 5.8 billion people in the world, and the smokers are about 1.1 billion, which makes up 20 percent of the world’s total population.
smoking is very harmful. i think there are two main aspects to the damage. first, smoking consumes a great deal of money.
as is shown in the pictorial graph, smoking wastes 200 billion dollars each year in the world. second, smoking does harm to the health of smokers, and it is the main cause of lung cancer. about 3 million people die because of the relevant diseases derived from smoking every year.
because more and more people are aware of the great harm of smoking to humans, the amount of tobacco consumption is on the decrease. from the following figures we can clearly see the tendency. the total amount of world tobacco production added up to 14.
364 billion pounds in 1994, but it dropped to 14.2 billion pounds in 1995. at the same time, many countries call on people to give up smoking.
so it is certain that the number of smokers is to decrease.
例文二。about tobacco consumption
from the above set of pictures, we can see that there were a total of 14.364 billion pounds of tobacco produced in 1994 and 14.2 billion pounds in 1995.
because the amount of tobacco production is falling yearly, it can be predicted that the tendency of tobacco consumption would also be falling yearly. there are many reasons. firstly, smoking wastes money.
every year there are two hundred billion dollars “burnt” in the cigarette “fire.” secondly, smoking would hardly do people any good and it can even cause cancer. every year there are three million people “buried” in the cigarette “tomb”.
although tobacco consumption is falling, there are too many people who smoke. the population in the world is 5.8 billion, but about twenty percent of the population, that is to say 1.
1 billion people, smoke. so the situation is serious and the movement against smoking is still a difficult task.
评语：上边两篇作文内容符合要求， 包括对各图的说明， 对趋势的**及理由，数字表达正确， 语言较好， 表达能力较强， 长度符合要求。得14分。
2023年考研英语真题答案 精
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