中国考试**。
1、常用与开头的短语、句式
(1)withthe(rapidly)growingpopularityof(computers/privatecars)inchina,thequalityofourliveshasbeenconsiderablychanged。
(2)withthe(rapid)growthof(oureconomy/population),manyproblemssuchas(watershortages/wasteofenergy/lackofprofessionalsandchaoticmanagement)arebeginngtosurface
(3)withthedevelopmentof(scienceandtechnology/marketeconomy),moreandmore/anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat…
(4)currentlythereisawidespread/seriousconcernover(illegalpublication/drugabuse/negativeinfluenceofwesterncultures).
(5)nowadays,aheateddebated/discussionabout…
(6)therearesomereasonsforowning(privatecars/personalcomputers).tobeginwith,…next,…last,…thereare,ontheoherhand,manyreasonsagainstit,first,…second,…finally,…
(7)therearemanyadvantangesanddisadvantagesin(owningacar).
(8)therearevarious/atleastthreeways/possibletechniques/problems/methodstodosomething
(9)smoking/.thefirstreasonisthat…thesecondreasonisthat…/ontheonehand,…ontheotherhand,…
(10)thepossiblesolutionsof(theenerycrisis/watershortanges/thesesocialproblems)dependonthreefactors…
(11)thetowmajorreasonsresponsiblefor(therapideconomicgrowth/thewidespreadoffakeproducts)are…
2.常用于结尾的短语、句式
(1)itishopedthatweshouldplacemuchemphasison/paymoreattentionto。。。
(2)toconclude,wecanseethat(thebestway/thepossiblesolution)is。。。
(3)inshort,(shortagesofwater,decreaseoffertilefieldsandenvironmentalpollution)arethemajorproblemstobesolvedto(increaserainproduction)。
(5)inaword,therearethreesuggestionswemustfollow,onlyinthiswaycanwe(achieveagreatsuccess)。
(6)itistimeforustotakeanactiepartin。。。
(7)letusworkhandinhandinhandto(solvethesesocialproblems)
3.陈述或论证观点、看法(view,point,opinion)、原因(reason、cause)、方法、手段、措施、步骤。。。method,means,measures,step。。。因素(factor)、利弊、优缺点(advantage,disadvantage)时常用的词语、句式:
(1)引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语:
。。。的原因有许多。therearemanyreasonswhy。。。
。。。的原因如下;thereasonswhy。。。areasfollows
我的看法是。。。myopinonisthat
(2)展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语:
①、第一层次(首先)first,firstly,inthefirstplace,firstofall,tobeginwith,foronething。
我的第一理由是。。。myfirstreasonisthat。。。
主要因素是。。。themainfactoristhat。。。
②第二层次(其次)second,secondly,inthesecondplce,next,then,foranother,
另一种方法是。。。anothermeansof。。。istodo。。
第二种解决方法是。。。thesecondsolutionisthat。。。
③第三层次(第三点)third,athirdly,besides,inadition,furthermore,whatismoreimportant
(3)总结性段落常用句式、词语:
最后一点last,lastly,finally,inthelastplace,lastofall,inshort,inbrief
简言之inaword,insummary,tosumup
总之,inconclusion,onthewhole,altogether,inall
因此,so,thus,hence,therefor。consequently,fortheereasons
结果,inconsequence,asaresult
由此可见。。。itwillbeseenfromitthat
如上所述,我们可以得出结论。。。ashasbeensaidabove,wecanconclude/makeaconclusion/drawaconclusion/reachaconclusioncometoaconclusionthat。。。
(4)将事物的正反、好坏两方面,或者将两种不同事物进行比较,对比时常用的句式、短语:
然而while,whereas,but,however,nevertheless
尽管如此inspiteofthat,despiteallthis
但在另一方面butontheotherhand
与。。。相比in/byincomparisonwith。。。ascomparewith。。。
对比之下by/incontrast
与。。。相反asopposedto。。。insteadof。。。
相反onthecontrary,instead
他们的区别如下thedifferencessreasfollows;thedifferencescanbedescribedasfollows
a与b之间的不同在于。。。thedifferencesbetweenaandbis/liesin/exestsin/consistsin。。。aisdifferentfrombin。。。
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