雅思写作：小作文。
1. 表示“主语”
01) 图表本身：table、line(bar/pie) chart(graph/diagram)
02) 数据形式：figures、statistics、information、data
03) it形式主语、there be句型。
2. 表示“上升”和“下降”
01) rise (to)
02) increase (to)
03) go up (to)
04) an upward trend (in)
05) fall (to)
06) decline (to)
07) drop (to)
08) a downward trend (in)
09) with a rise/drop(etc.) of…
10) surge from…to…：猛增。
11) be on the rise
12) be in decline
13) down…(幅度) from...高) to...低)
14) up…(幅度) from...低) to...高)
15) rise/increase/drop(etc.) further from...to...to...
16) a rise/drop(etc.) of + 百分数/数字 = a 百分数/数字 rise/drop(etc.)
17) rise/drop(etc.) 数字/百分数/倍数 = rise/drop(etc.) a record of + 数字/百分数。
3. 表示“平稳”
01) remain stable (at)
02) stay constant (at)
03) maintain the same level (at)
04) reach a plateau：到达（上升后的）平稳期。
05) no change (in)
06) level out at：平稳在…
4. 表示“波动”、“最高值”和“最低值”
01) hover around：在…徘徊。
02) fluctuate around/at：在…波动（点）
03) fluctuate between...and...在…波动（范围）
04) rise and drop (between…and…)：起伏（在…之间）
05) peak at：在…达到最大值。
06) hit a peak(of…)
07) reach the highest point at：在…达到最大值。
08) reach a bottom at：在…达到最低值。
09) reach the lowest point at：在…达到最低值。
5. 表示“变化程度”
01) dramatic → dramatically：巨大。
02) significant → significantly：巨大。
03) moderate → moderately：适度。
04) slight → slightly：微小。
05) minimal → minimally：极其微小。
6. 表示“变化速度”
01) sudden → suddenly：忽然。
02) rapid → rapidly：快速。
03) steady → steadily：平稳。
04) gradual → gradually：逐渐。
7. 表示“说明”
01) show
02) illustrate
03) describe
04) unfold
05) reveal
8. 表示“大约”
01) about
02) nearly
03) around
04) approximately
9. 表示“占据”
01) make up
02) take up
03) account for
04) be composed of
05) constitute
06) comprise
07) h**e/be/reach/hit
10. 表示“关于”
01) about
02) regarding
03) concerning
04) related to
05) with regard to = as to：关于，就…而论（做状语）
11. 表示“时间”
01) between the year 1995 and 2000
02) since then
03) from now/then on
04) over/during the period from 1995 to 2000
05) by the end of 2005
06) from the 1970s onwards/from 1994 onwards
07) for ten years or so/at least
08) in those/the given years/period(s)
09) aged + 岁数。
10) aged between…and… =aged from…to…
11) in the following three years/ period
12) over the course of the last century
13) a 100-year period
14) throughout the five years from 1995 to 2000
15) a ten-year high = a new high in the ten-year period
16) a new high/low
12. 表示“比较”
01) 倍数 + as + 形容词 (+名词 + 动词) as
02) more than + 倍数 + as + 形容词 + as...
03) 数字/百分数/倍数 + 比较级 + than
04) 数字/百分数/倍数 more + 名词 + than...
05) 数字 + more +名词 1000 more dogs：一百多只狗。
06) a is + 倍数 + as likely to do sth. as b
07) a is + 百分数 + up/down + on b：a比b 高/低 x%
08) more than + 数字/百分数 = over… =above…
09) less than + 数字/百分数 = under…
10) outgrow(比…快)、outweigh(比…重要)、outnumber(比…多)、outpace(追过)、overtake(赶上)
11) 表名次：first(place)、second(place)、third(place)…、number 1、number 2、number 3…
12) slip to + 名次：滑到…
13) plummet to + 名次：快速落到…
14) lead + 名词 (+in the race of) =be ahead of + 名词：领先于…
15) be at ahead
16) followed by + 名词(当状语)：后面紧接的是…
17) following + 名词(当状语) =behind + 名词：落后于…
18) follow behind (+in/sb.)：落后。
19) rank first(etc.) on the list)/top five
20) a fourth lowest on record
21) come + 名次 = come in at + 名次。
22) next comes + 名词：接着是…
23) a beat b into + 名次：a打败b，使b成为…
24) rise two places to + 名次：提高2个名次成为…
25) 100 in 1998 versus 98 in 2000：做状语。
26) in (marked) contrast to：与…对比起来，与…形成对比。
27) by comparison：相比之下。
28) in contrast：相反。
13. 描述扇形图。
01) the percentage of
02) the portion of
03) the quantity of
04) the number of
05) the amount of
06) the majority of
07) the minority of
08) the entire body of
09) a (big/small) share of + 百分数。
14. 表示流程图的“步骤”
01) to begin (with)
02) first of all
03) secondly
04) then/next
05) after that
06) finally/at last
07) in addition/furthermore
08) meanwhile/at the same time
09) in the next stage/following this
15. 表示流程图“首阶段”
01) the process starts from (+名词 or 动名词)
02) at the first/initial stage
03) at the beginning of the cycle
04) during the initial phase
05) …is the first step in …
16. 表示流程图“次阶段”
01) the second stage is
02) the next step in the process is
17. 表示流程图“末阶段”
01) …is the last step in the procedure
02) the final phase of the procedure is about
03) in the final phase
04) entering the final phase
18. 有用的词组和短语。
stand at、range from…to…、take into account（考虑到）、typically fall into… categories（典型地分为…种类）、convey common stages、accompanying、associated、combined with、approach +数字/百分数/倍数、double + 名词、triple + 名词、sb. undergo/experience/see/enjoy/record、be expected to/be projected to/be likely to/be predicted to、it is predicted that…/it is likely that…/it is estimated that…、a mere + 百分数/数字 + 名词、staggering（巨大的）、close to + 数字/百分数、some + 数字 + 名词)、another + 百分数/数字、the remaining + 百分数/数字、as + 名词 + increase/decrease（随着…的增加/减少）、between half and two-thirds、in total、a total of + 名词、or so（大约）、according to、with + 数字/百分数、at the rate of、up to/down to、as many as（多达）、on the other hand、all the way up/down to、at this point、in the case of、on **erage、as reflected in the、as might be expected、as can be seen in/from、as shown in、interestingly、respectively、separately、not surprisingly、somewhat surprisingly、indeed、namely（that is）、moreover、likewise（同样地）、notably（特别地）、nevertheless、notwithstanding（尽管）、a record of + 数字/百分数 = a record + 数字/百分数、be the same as...be similar to...
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