7.1文章开头常用句型。
万事开头难,写作也莫不如此。正如英语谚语所说,好的开端等于成功的一半(a good beginning is half-done)。加之在阅卷时,文章的开头就是你给阅卷老师的第一印象,因此,掌握好文章开头的技巧显得十分重要。
7.1.1说明现象的常用句型。
任何事物的发生与发展都属于某种社会现象或倾向。文章开头时直截了当的提出这种现象,然后进行说明或评论。这种开头方法开门见山,使读者一目了然。
1) recently the phenomenon ( problem , issue ) of … has aroused considerable concern .
近来,……现象/问题已引起了)
2) recently the phenomenon ( question ,problem ) of … has been brought to public attention.
3) one of the pressing (biggest) problems facing our society today is……
4) one of the hottest topics (most serious problem, most popular things) many people talk about now is
5) here and there across the country, a(n) increasing number of……
6) with the development of science and tachnology, more and more……
7) nowadays (currently/, recently), there is a growing tendency that……
8) in the past few years, there has been a dramatic growth (decline) in……
9) whenever you see (find) …you cannot help being astonished ( surprised) by …
每当你看到/发现……,你会不禁为……感到惊讶不已。)
7.1.2阐述对立观点的常用句型。
在写作中,当作者要对某个问题提出自己的观点看法时,一般常在文章开头引出人们对所给出问题的不同看法。这种开头方法常用于对某个问题进行争论的议**体。
(1)when asked about… ,the vast majority of people think (believe, say) that …;but other people think (believe, regard, say) that …(当问及……的时候,绝大多数人认为/说……。但也有人认为/说……)
(2)when it comes to …,some people think (believe) that…; others argue (claim) that the opposite is true. there is probably some truth in both statement, but…(当谈到……时,有些人认为/相信……;另一些人却持相反的观点。这两种观点也许都有点道理,但是……)
(3)there is a much controversy (discussion) nowadays about the problem (issue) of … those who criticize (oppose, object to) argue that… they believe that…but people who f**or (advocate)…,on the other hand, claim (assert) that…(现在围绕……问题正展开热烈的争论/讨论。那些批评/反对的人认为……;另一方面,那些赞同/提倡这个……的人却认为……)
(4)these days we often hear about…they claim (argue, say) that…but is it true? close analysis (examination) doesn’t bear out the claim (argument) .最近,我们经常听到关于……他们声称……。
果真如此吗?仔细分析一下,就证明这种观点站不住脚。
(5)now a lot of people believe that…but although…, there is no (little) evidence that…(现在许多人都认为……尽管……,却没有证据表明……)
7.1.3用引用法开头的常用句型。
在写作中,所谓的引用就是用人们熟悉的名人名言,常用的谚语、习语、警句等作为文章的开头。这样的开头既生动、富有哲理,又一下子点明了文章的主题,能起到引人入胜的效果。
1)one of the great men (writers, philosophers, scientists) once said (remarked) that… if this is the case , then the present situation (view , attitude) should make us wonder whether…(有一位伟人/作家/哲学家/科学家曾经说过……如果是这样的话,目前的趋势/观点应使我们沉思,是否……)
2) “knowledge is power ”.such is the remark made by bacon. more and more people h**e shared this view now.
(“知识就是力量”,这是培根的名言。这个观点已为越来越多的人所接受。)
3) awareness of ignorance is the beginning of wisdom”.such is the opinion of one of the greastest men. this remark has confirmed time and time again by many historical events.
(“意识到无知便是智慧的开端”,这是一位伟人的名言。这句话一次又一次地被许多历史事实所证实。)
4) “we are used to hearing such words like those.(“我们常常听到这样的说法。)
5) “how often we hear such complaint as this!(“我们多么常常听到像这样的抱怨。)
6) “that’s how one college student (citizen ,official) describe the… many people h**e shared the experience like this.(这是一位大学生/市民/**说起……的时候的话。许多都与他/她有着同样的经历。
)7.1.4用提问法开头的常用句型。
提问法主要用于展开讨论或对有争议性的问题发问。文章的开头用一个即将讨论或解答的问题设问,可以引起思考,唤起联想,立即把读者引入作者的讨论之中,激起读者的浓厚兴趣。
1) should (what) …attitudes towards (opinions of) …vary from person to think of(regard,view) …as…others argue (believe, claim) that…(…应不应该……/是……?不同的人对此有不同的态度/看法。有些人认为……是……;其他人却争论/认为……)
2) how do you think of…? in reply to this question, we must …(你怎样看待……?在回答这个问题时,我们必须……)
3) what do you think of …?in answer to this question, we should…(你认为……是……?要回答这个问题,我们应当……)
4) “why do (h**e) …many people often ask the question like this.(为什么……?许多人经常问这样的问题。)
5)what is…? by my understanding, …is…(什么是……?据我理解,……是……)
7.1.5用于比较法开头的常用句型。
1) for years, …has been viewed (regarded) as…but people are taking a fresh look at it now.
多年来,……被认为是……。但是,现在人们正以新的眼光看待它。)
2) until recently, …was seen (viewed) as …however , that is changing now.
直到最近,……被认为是……。可是,现在这种情况正在发生变化。)
3) people used to think that …in the past …but things are quite different now.
在过去,人们常常认为……。但现在情况却与以往很不同了。)
4) it was once thought that … in the old days, …but few people now share this view.
在过去,人们曾经认为……。到现在几乎没有人再持有这种观点。)
5) several years ago, people…now people … why has such a change taken place?
几年前,人们……。现在,人们……。为什么会发生这样的变化呢?)
6) after a good many years of efforts to …,people begin to …(经过多年的努力,人们开始……)
6) it is a traditional many practice (way) to … but now the pendulum has swung in the opposite direction.
……是一个传统习惯。但现在钟摆转到反的方向去了。)
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