仁爱英语八年级（上）unit 4知识要点。
八年级上册unit 4 topic 1
section a
1.名词复数特殊的几种：
1）单复数同形的名词有：fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊，chinese中国人； japanese
2）不规则变化：child---children；foot---feet，tooth---teeth牙齿；goose---geese鹅mouse---mice老鼠；man---men；woman---women
注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。如：
an englishman，two englishmen.但german（德国人）不是合成词，故复数形式为germans；
3）只有复数形式的名词：trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤glasses眼镜，2.形容词和副词的比较级前可用much, a little, even, far来修饰，但不能用more, very。
如：much/ far more beautiful ; a little taller.
3.复习比较级和最高级（见语法表）
section b
1. they give us joy.它们给我们快乐。
give us joy = give us happiness/pleasure (joy= happiness= pleasure表快乐，都是名词)
worldwiththem.
share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物，如：
i want to share my happiness with you.
onplants.
feed on以…为食；tigers feed on meat.
live on以食…为生：we live on rive
feed喂： my job is to feed animals.
section c
of the earth’s surface.
1)cover覆盖；(2) cover… with…,用…覆盖…,如：he covered his face with a news*****.
(3)be covered with…被…覆盖：the land is covered with snow.
and thousands ofanimals live in rainforests.
thousands of成千上万的… thousands and thousands of千千万万的（比前者更多）
also help tocontrol the climate.
control the climate控制气候。
can’t livewithoutwater.
without没有，是介词，后不能接句子，只接名词，动名词或代词。如：
i won’t be happy without her.
fact, watermakes upthe largest part of the human body.
make up组成，be made up of由…组成，如：
our team is made up of 11 players.
比较：be made of (from )由…制成。
musts**eeverydropof water.
s**e(1)节约s**e money (2)救s**e one’s life救某人的命。
drop(1)动词，掉a bottle dropped onto the floor. (2)名词，滴 a drop of water.
water, there could be no life on earth.
on earth (1) =in the world在世界上（2）用于疑问词或否定词后，表“究竟，到底”，如：what on earth did you do that for ?
section d
are the oldest type of tigersliving in the world.
living in the world（正生活在世界上的）现在分词短语可放所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句(that are) living in the world.
in dangernow.
be+ in +名词，用来表示“处于…之中”如：be in danger, be in trouble, be in health.
plantsin picture one are more beautiful thanthosein picture two.
those在此指代“the plants”。包含比较级的句子必须是同类事物才能比较，为了避免重复，用that（代单数名词）或those (代复数名词)代替前面出现的词或短语：
the climate of kunming is better than beijing.(改错，天气不能和北京比)→ the climate of kunming is better than that of beijing. (that= the climate)
4.题suzhou ismost beautiful tourist city and i believe i’ll come forsecond time.
a. the, a b. a; a c. the; the d. a; the
解析：形容词的最高级前面要加the,序数词前一般也加the,表“第几”，如：the first lesson.
但序数词前也可用a,表“再第几次”，如：he had tried for six times, but he failed, then he tried a seventh time. (他再试了第七次)，故答案为：
a八年级上册unit 4 topic 2
section a
1. when did scientistinventthe first robot ?
invent(动词)发明；inventor（名词）发明家；invention(名词)发明如：edison was a great inventor. he invented many inventions.
2. but before that, something like a robot appeared.
appear出现；disappear消失the girl disappeared in the forest.
3. robots cantake the place ofhumans to do hard or boring work in some situations.
(1) take the place of… =take one’s place代替… (动词短语，可放主语后做谓语)如：
he took the place of me to answer the question.
(2) instead of代替（介词短语，不能作谓语，应放在谓语动词后）如：
he answer the question instead of me.
4. are you sure?
(1) be sure of /about sth.确信… he is sure of his success.
2) be sure to do sth.一定会做某事：it is sure to rain.
3) be sure +that从句i’m sure that he will come.
5. repair和mend都有“修理，修补”的含义，但mend一般用于修理小东西、简单东西，如门窗、鞋袜、道路等。而repair用于修理复杂、精密的东西，如：
机器，手表，车辆等。
section b
1. a ufoflew overmy headwhile i waswalking towardthe bus stop yesterday.
(1) fly over飞跃，over表“在物体的正上方”，如：there is a bridge over the river.
(2) walk toward(s)朝…方向走去。
(3) while①当…时侯②与此同时；表此两种意思时，可与when退换，常与经行时态搭配使用：he is watching tv while/ when i am doing my homework.
while还可表“然而”，如：he likes beijing while i like chongqing.
2. there are noliving thingson other planets.
living things生物。
3. will robots make humanslose their jobs.
lose one’s job失业；find a job找工作；get a job得到一份工作。
4. people ofte****takesome man-made objectsforufos.
(1) mistake a for b错把a当做b：he often mistakes me for jim.
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