第一组。
spend/ take /cost
spend的主语通常是“人”,即“某人在─花多少时间或金钱。”
例句:1)the boy spends a lot of money.(in) playing computer games.
那个男孩花了很多钱玩电子游戏。)
2)she spent lots of money on books last year.
去年她花费很多钱在书本上。)
take前常以it作形式主语,作“做某事需要花多少时间。”
it takes +(人)+时间+ to do sth.
1)how long does it take you to finish the work?
你需要多少时间才能完成那工作?)
2)it took me an hour to repair my bike.
我花了一个小时修理自行车。)
3)it takes a lot of courage to tell the truth.
说真话需要很大的勇气。)
cost的主语通常是事物,即指 ①某物值多少钱②需要多少时间③某人花了多少钱④使(某人)(丧失)(事/物)+cost+(人)+时间/金钱。
1)the watch cost me two hundred yuan.
这块手表花了我200块钱。)
2)writing a novel cost plenty of time.
写本**要花很多时间。)
3)the girl's bad beh**ior cost her parents many sleepless nights.
那个女孩的不良行为使得她的父母许多夜晚睡不着。)
注意:cost的过去式,过去分词都是cost。
第二组。speak/say/tell/talk
speak说某种语言,说某人好、坏话是及物动词;发表讲话,对某人说话,是不及物动词。
1)the students speak english very fluently.
这些学生英语说得非常流利。)
2)the prime minister spoke on the international situation.
首相就国际形势发表了演说。)
3)she always speaks ill of others.
她总是说别人的坏话。)
speak的习惯用语:
generally speaking 一般而言。
frankly speaking 坦白地说。
strictly speaking 严格地说。
not to speak of 且不说;更不用说。
1)generally speaking, man is stronger than woman.
一般而言,男人比女人强壮。)
2)we can speak english, not to speak of chinese.
我们会读英语,汉语更不用说了。)
say说出某句话或某件事;后接从句,(但say与从句之间不能直接接人称代词或名词);说明时间;书信、布告报纸上的“说”,习惯用法。
1)she said ,“i love you.”
她说:“我爱你。”)
2)say goodbye to them.
跟他们说再见。)
3)she says she is busy.
她说她很忙。)
4)my watch says 10:00 sharp.
我的表是十点整。)
5)the ***** says that there was a big fire in shanghai.
报上说上海发生了一场大火)。
6)it is said that she has been away for a month.
据说她已走了一个月了)
7)it goes without saying that education is important.
不用说,教育是重要的。)
8)tom is a good student, that is to say, he gets good grades in school.
tom是个好学生,也就是说,他在学校的成绩很好。)
①tell说谎;讲故事;说实话。
1)don't tell a lie.
不要说谎。)
2)she likes to tell stories.
她喜欢讲故事。)
3)we should always tell the truth.
我们应该永远说实话。)
②tell辨别;叫某人做某事;接“间接”与“直接”宾语;tell+宾语+that从句。
1)sometimes we can't tell right from wrong.
有时我们无法辨别是非。)
talk连续地说话;习惯用法。
1)what are the girls talking about ?
那些女孩们讲什么?)
2)young people like to talk politics.
年青人喜欢谈***。)
3)i talked over the matter with her.
我与她谈论了那个问题。)
第三组。take /bring/carry/fetch
take作“带去”“拿去”解;从近处把东西送到远处。
例句:1)she'll take her children to the park.
她要带孩子去公园。)
2)it's raining, you'd better take an umbrella with you.
下雨了;你最好把雨伞带上。)
bring“拿来;带来”;从远处把东西拿到近外。
1)bring the dictionary to me.
把字典拿给我。)
2)please bring your report with you when you come tomorrow.
明天你来的时候,请把你的报告带来。)
carry作“携带,带去;搬运”解。
1)she always carries a red handbag.
她总是带一个红色手包。)
2)please carry this tv set upstairs.
请把这台电视搬到楼上去。)
fetch作“去…取来,拿来;叫某人来”解。
1)the football is over there. fetch it please.
足球在那边呢,请把它拿回来。)
2)fetch the police at once. we've found the robber.
马上去叫警察来,我们已经发现那个抢劫的人。)
第四组。wear/put on/ dress
wear穿着,戴;留,表示“状态”是及物动词需加宾语。
例句:1)she always wears a pair of glasses.
她总是戴着一副眼镜。)
2)he wears a black jacket today.
今天他穿着一件黑色的夹克。)
put on穿上,戴上,表示“动作”
例句:1)the teacher put on his hat and went out of the office.
老师戴上帽子然后走出办公室。)
2)put on the gloves .it's cold outside.
戴上手套外面很凉。)
dress作“穿着…的衣服”解;给某人穿衣服不用写衣服。
例句:1)she is dressed in red.
她穿着红衣服。)
2)the mother dresses the child every day.
那位母亲每天给孩子穿衣服。)此句不能加衣服。
3)she dresses herself in red.
第五组。do /make
do“做”主要是用来表示“行动”“行为”,如do omelets是“把蛋卷煎好”。在do后面常加一些抽象名词,如do wrong(犯错)。“wrong”是抽象名词常与do搭配的短语有:
do one's
do (the) some
do sb. a f**or帮人忙。
do with利用;忍受;需要。
do away with废除。
do without用不着;不需要。
h**e do sb.
do nothing but do除了做…以外什么也没做。
do business做生意。
例句:1)i'll do the dishes today.
今天我来洗盘子。)
2)i've done my homework.
我已经做完了作业。)
3)crying does harm to you.
哭对你没有益处。)
4)will you do me a f**or?
能否帮我一个忙?)
5)we cannot do without a telephone in our business.
我们做生意没有**是不行的。)
6)the new teacher didn't know what to do with the class.
新老师不知道如何对待他班上的学生。)
7)i did nothing but watch tv last night.
昨晚我除了看电视以外什么也没有做。)
8)who does your hair?
平常是谁给你做头发的?)
make“作”,表示“制造”,其后的宾语是make的产品。如make clothes 制做衣服;make后常跟一些可数名词常与make动词搭配的短语有:
make a
make an
make make
例句:1) they h**e make great progress in learning english.
在学习英语方面他们已经取得了很大的进步。)
2)who is going to make a speech today?
今天谁来演说?)
3)don't make a noise.
嘘!(不要出声。)
4)she makes her living as a teacher.
她作教师来维持生计。)
第一组。lie/lay/lie
1)lie不及物动词,躺;位于。
lie—lay—lain—lying
例句:①shanghai lies to the south of beijing.
上海位于北京的南方。)
she has lain in bed for three days.
她已经在床上躺了三天了。)
2)lay及物动词,放置;下蛋。
lay—laid—laid—laying
例句:①these hens lay eggs every day.
这些鸡每天下蛋。)
he laid his hand on my shoulder.
他把手放在我的肩上。)
lie不及物动词,说谎。
lie—lied—lied—lying
例句:①don’t lie to me.
别骗我。)she lies about her career.
她编造她的经历。)
第二组。hear/listen to
hear听;是一种“自然无意的动作。”hear of听说过hear from得到消息。
例句:the deaf cannot hear.
聋子听不见。)
listen是一种“有意的动作。”如后面有宾语则需加to;如没有宾语,listen后不可加to。
例句:①listen, somebody is crying.
听,有人在哭。)
i listened but heard nothing.
我注意听了,但没听见什么。)
listen to me.
听我说。)第三组。
sit/set/seat
sit不及物动;坐;就座;
sit—sat—sat—sitting
例句:①he sat at the table writing a letter.
他坐在书桌旁写信。)
sit here until she comes back.
坐在这里等她回来。)
set安置;下沉;点燃;出考题;定时;树立(榜样)
set—set—set—setting
例句:①tom, set the table for dinner.
tom,摆好桌子准备吃饭。)
he set the alarm for 6:00 in the morning.
他把闹钟定在早晨6点钟。)
my teacher set very difficult questions for the exam.
我们老师试题出得非常难。)
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起从西方落下。)
seat使坐;容纳。
seat—seated—seated—seating
例句:①)the theater can seat at least 2000 people.
这家戏院至少能容纳2000人。)
please be seated.
请坐下。)此句等于sit down please.
he seated himself next to her.
他坐在她的旁边。)
第四组。rise/raise/arise/arouse/rouse
1)rise(太阳、月亮)升起,起来;(物价)**;(水)高涨。
rise—rose—risen—rising
例句:①everyone knows that the sun rises in the east.
每人都知道太阳是从东方升起。)
prices h**e risen quickly.
物价快速**了。)
she rose to her feet.
她站了起来。)
2)raise举起;养育;募款。
raise—raised—raised—raising
例句:①raise your hand please.
请你把手举起来。)
the farmer raises a lot of sheep on his farm.
这位农民在农场养了许多绵羊。)
they are raising founds for the expedition.
他们正在筹募探险的**。)
arise(问题、困难)发生、产生、出现;起(风、雾)
arise—arose—arisen—arising
例句:①a strong wind arose this morning.
今天早上刮起强风。)
a different problem has arisen.
不同的问题发生了。)
a mist arose from the lake.
湖上起雾了。)
arouse通常表示比喻或情绪方面的“激发”
arouse─aroused─aroused─arousing
例句:①the book aroused my interest in learning english.
这本书引起我对学习英语感兴趣。)
the speaker aroused the anger of the audience.
演讲者激起了听众的怒气。)
rouse通常表示比较具体的“叫醒”或“唤醒”
rouse─roused─roused─rousing
例句:①the sound roused him from reflection.
声音使他从深思中惊醒。)
the lies he heard about his friend roused his anger.
听到有人对他朋友造谣,使他怒火中烧。)
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