博乐国际教育小学升初中语法大全讲义。
第一课基础冠词。
一、字母大写的五种情况:
1.国家首字母。
china american germany
2.句子的首字。
is my book
3.地名。北京 beijing 上海 shanghai
4.人名。wang dazui tom
5.月份星期节日。
五月 may 六月 june
星期一monday 星期二tuesday
春节 spring festivabl
中秋节 middle-autumn day
元音字母有aa, e e,o o,i i,u u
二、冠词。1.冠词有:a 、an 、the
2.冠词分为:不定冠词:a、an
定冠词:the
3.冠词的用法:
a/an 都表示一个。
an 用在单词发音中元音音标开头的单词
a 用在单词发音中辅音音标开头的单词
a/an 第一次提到 the 再次提到
eg. an orange /crindv/
an apple /’apl/
4.定冠词 the 的用法(5种):
.特指某些人或物
book on the desk is mine.
双方都知道的人或事物
the door, please.
.指上文提到的人或事物
eg. he lives on a farm, the farm is not big.
.世界上独一无二的事物前
eg. the sun is bigger than the moon.
.形容词最高级前
eg:the island is the biggest of the three.
5.不用冠词的情况:
星期、月份、季节、节日前不用,
但中国传统节日要用the.
on monday 在星期一。
in june 在六月。
in spring 在春天。
at christmas 在圣诞节
on the mid-autumn day 在中秋节
. 国家城市不用the
in shenyang 在沈阳。
. 称呼头衔前不用。
王先生。例题:
冠词 (a/an)
h**e __book.
2.__cat can catch insect.
spends __hour doing herhomework everyday.
father is __engineer.
is __honest boy.
6.__apple __day keeps the doctor away.
h**e __rest for __while.
bought me_uniform yesterday.
h**e __pencil. _a, the) pencils is red.
10.__a, the /)sun is shining brightly in __a, the, /sky.
11.__a, the) dictionary on __a, the) desk is mine.
__ the, /mary (a, the,/)youngest girl in our class.
you play (a, an, the, /violin?
go to school by (a, the, /bike in (a, an, the) morning every day.
根据所学知识用a, an,the, /填空。
my name is __in __grade three this term. my mother is __doctor and my father is __actor. today is __my father is talking on __phone.
my mother is __h**ing breakfast. my grandmother is watering __flowers in __garden and i’m watching __tv. look!
this is my zone. there is __beautiful umbrella in my bedroom. i like __umbrella very much because i bought it in __paris.
these are all my presents.
第二课名词。
一、概念:表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称
二、名词的分类:可数名词,不可数名词。
可数名词:指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西
不可数名词:不能用数字计算的。
举例:学生、车、房子、北方。。。
三、常用的不可数名词:
water fruit ice juice rice ink (与水有关的)
money food bread coffee sugar milk
拿钱买的食物有吃的面包喝的咖啡,咖啡有点苦于是又买的糖和牛奶)
meat beef pork mutton clothes soap
买的肉有牛肉猪肉羊肉吃的时候把衣服弄了于是买了肥皂)
hair ***** ink grass
上学时整理好了头发,买的纸、草墨水)
不可数名词。
四、即可充当可数名词又可当不可数名词的有:
chicken鸡(可数) 鸡肉(不可数)
duck 鸭子(可数 ) 鸭肉(不可数)
lamb (羔羊) foods 各类食物
fruits 各类水果 fishes 鱼类。
五、单复数同形:即单数和复数的写法一样。
单复数同形的词常有:
sheep (绵羊) deer (鹿) fish (鱼)
chinese(中国人)japanese (日本人)
六、可数名词变复数:
规则1,直接加s:
balloon balloons boy—boys
doll —dolls book—books
规则2:以s. x ch sh结尾的加es:
box boxes watch watches
bus buses dish dishes
则3:以o结尾的有生命的加es,无生命的加s:
tomato tomatoes hero heroes
potato potatoes
口诀:英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆。
注意:photo photos (**)
规则4:以f,fe结尾变f, fe为ves
life变lives knife变knives
leaf变le**es wolf变wolves
wife变wives thief变thives
shelf变shelves wife变wives
记忆小口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼,吓的小偷发了荒躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。
规则五:以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加es
baby变babies factory变factories
country变 countries
记忆小口诀:小孩去了乡村的工厂。
不规则名词变复数:
tooth变teeth foot变feet
goose变geese
小口诀:双脚白鹅和牙齿oo都要变ee
判断下列划线部分单词是可数名词还是不可数名词。y(可数) n(不可数)
i would like a glass ( of water.(
2. i bought dad a can ( of beer (
3. do you know alice’s telephone( )number( )
4. is the ring ( made of gold (
5. there is a fish ( in the water( )
6. the chinese ( love tea (
7. the coffee ( on the table ()is for you.
8. the pen is out of ink.(
9. do you take some sugar ( with your milk (
10. bob lost a lot of blood( )in the war.
11. mom bought a bag ( of rice ( yesterday.
二、 写出下列名词复数形式。
2. boat 3. map
17man
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