英语语法网络图。
一.名词。i.
名词的种类:
ii. 名词的数:
1. 规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:
2. 不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
iii. 名词的所有格:
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1. ’s所有格的构成:
2. ’s所有格的用法:
3. of所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed
二.冠词。冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
i.不定冠词的用法:
ii. 定冠词的用法:
iii. 零冠词的用法:
三.代词:i.
代词可以分为以下七大类:
ii. 不定代词用法注意点:
1. one, some与any:
1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。
one should learn to think of others.
h**e you any bookmarks? no, i don’t h**e any bookmarks.
i h**e some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
would you like some bananas?
could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
i h**e read this article in some magazine.
please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。
there are some 3,000 students in this school.
do you feel any better today?
2. each和every:
each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
each student has a pocket dictionary. /each (of us) has a dictionary. /we each h**e a dictionary.
every student has strong and weak points. /every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no:
no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。
there is no water in the bottle.
how much water is there in the bottle? none.
none of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。如:
he held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:
i don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
the trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.
all of the books are not written in english. /not all of the books are written in english.
both of us are not teachers. /not both of us are teachers. /either of us is a teacher.
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