初中英语句子语法大全汇总

发布 2021-06-04 13:35:28 阅读 7846

一、句子的种类(kinds of sentences)

英语的句子按照用途可分为以下四类:

陈述句用途是用来说明事实或说话人的看法例句:i can see a map on the wall.

i think it's his.

疑问句用途是用来提出问题。 例句:are you mr green?

can you find it ? how old are you?

祈使句用途是用来表示请求和命令。 例句: sstand in,please.

let's play games.

感叹句用途是用来表达强烈的感情。 例句:what a fine day it is!

how beautiful the flowers are!

二、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句

一般疑问句子和特殊疑问句

一般疑问句(general question)一般是指用yes或no回答的疑问句。

例如:is she at school today? yes,she is/no,she isn't.

can you see a pencile on the desk? yes,i can./no,i can't.

do you play football? yes,they do./no,they don't.

特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头的疑问句。

三。句子的成分(members of the sentence)

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分,即:主语。谓语。表语。宾语。宾语补足语。定语和状语。

主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语、宾语补足语都是谓语里的组成部分

主语(the subject) 表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事物,一般由名词代词或相当于

名词的短语等充当。例句:lucy is an american girl.

we study in no.1 middle school.

谓语(the predicate)说明主语"做什么","是什么"或者是怎么样。谓语(谓语部分里

主要是词)用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。例如:we love china.

mike hope to be a parents are is singing.

表语(the predicative) 说明主语是什么或者怎么样,由名词、形容词或相当于名词

或形容词的词或短语等充当,和连系动词一起构成谓语。例句:her aunt is a driver.

宾语(the object)表示动作或行为的对象,由名词,代词或相当于名词的词,短语等

充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。例句:he often helps me.

we study english at school. did you see him yesterday?

定语(the attribute)用来休息名词或代词。做定语的除形容词外,还有代词,数词,名词

介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例句:the black bike is mine.

we h**e four lessons in the 's your

状语(the adverbial)用来修饰动词,形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间,地点

目的,方式,程度等意义,通常由副词,介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示

例句:people are all working is very nice.

we had a meeting this afternoon.

四。句子的种类(kings of sentence)

1.四种疑问句(four kind of question)

选择疑问句(the alternative question)

提出两种或两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种,这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。它的机构

是一般疑问句加or加一般疑问句,但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说

是or前面部分用声调,后面用降调。如:is her brother a adoctor or a teacher?

would you like tea or coffee?shall we go to the cinema on saturday or on sunday?

反意疑问句(the tag question)

反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方来证实。

反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简单的提问。如果前一部分

用肯定的形式,后一部分一般用否定的形式;前一部分用否定的形式,后一部分久用肯定的形式

两部分的人称和时态要一致。

反意疑问句陈述的部分用降调。后办部分可升可降。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时,后半部分用

降调;把握不大时,用降调。the weather here is very cold,isn't it?

you're from australia,aren't you? yes,i am .

对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用yes,事实是否定的,就要

用no.这和汉语不一样,应该注意。如:

he isn't going to the meeting,is he?它不去参加会是吗?

yes,he is.不,他要去的。

no ,he isn't.对他不起。

2.感叹句(the exclamatory sentence)

感叹句多用how和what引起。how 和what与所修饰的词放在句首,其他部分用陈诉语气。在口语

中谓语常省略

1)how作状语,修饰形容词,副词和动词。如:

how cold it is today!

how delicious they are!

how beautiful the flowers are!

how i miss you!

2)what作定语,修饰名词(名词前可由其他定语),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a(an).如:

what a good idear!

what a beautiful day!

what a happy woman!

感叹句用来表示强烈的感情。句末要用感叹号!,读时要用降调。在口语中常用省略句。后面的

主语和谓语往往省略,由时候只用一个词或者是词组。如:how cold! wonderful!

五、宾语从句(the object clause)

宾语从句在复合句中作主语的宾语,宾语从句通常作主语的宾语,宾语从句通常由下面一些词引导

1.由that引导(that在口语或非正式文体中常省略),如:

he said that he would like to see the headmaster.

she said that she would le**e a message on his desk .

he knew that he should work hard .

he said that he might fall behind the other students.

he was afraid that he would forget his chinese.

2.由连接代词或连接副词引导,如:

do you know what he has said ?

i don't remember when we arrived ?

i asked him where i could get so much money?

can you tell me which class you are in ?

the children did not know who father christmas was.

3.由连词whether或if引导( 口语中常用if)

lily wanted to knew if/wheher her grandma liked the handbag。

she asked me if she could borrow there books。

六、定语从句(the attributive clause)

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,如:

1)the man who lives next to us is a policeman

2)you must do everything that i do .

上面两句中的man和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词what,which,who,(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词

where,when,关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的

一个成分。

由关系代词引导的定语从句

that在从句中作主语或宾语

指物 a plane is a machine that can fly。(作主语)

the noodles that i cooked were delicious。(作宾语)

指人 who is the man that is reading the book over there?(作主语)

the girl that we saw yesterday was jim's sister。(作宾语)

which在从句中作主语和宾语。

指物 the silk which is produced in hangzhou sells well。(作主语)

the song which the beatles sang were very popular。(作宾语)

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