英语的最基本的结构是主

发布 2021-06-02 19:28:28 阅读 6727

英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。英语的倒装结构分为两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。

完全倒装即指整个谓语动词被放在主语的前面。今天,辅导老师和大家分享一下完全倒装的常见结构,以帮助大家很快识别倒装并还原。

常见的完全倒装结构:

(1) 副词here, there, then, now, next,等至于句首时:

yourturn comesnow. now comes your turn。

edward and his wife came next. next

came edward and his wife。

a ticket for you is here. here

is a ticket for you。

notes: 主语为代词时,不用倒装。

he comes now. now he comes。

(2) 表地点的介词短语置于句首时:

an old man sat in front of thehouse. in front of the house sat an old man。

a beautiful lake lies at the foot ofthe hill. at the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake。

some students are sitting under thetree. under the tree are sitting somestudents。

notes: 主语为代词时,不用倒装。

he came in again. in he came again。

he sat in front of thehouse. in front of the house he sat。

(3) 方位副词off, away, up, in, down等至于句首时:

the horse went off. off

went the horse。

the prices went up. up

went the prices。

the bird flew away. away

flew the bird。

notes: 主语为代词时,不用倒装。

(4) 形容词/形容词短语/现在分词短语/过去分词短语做句子的表语位于句首时:(此时句中的谓语动词往往是系动词,包括be动词,持续系动词:keep, remain, stay等,感官系动词:

feel, smell, sound, taste,变化系动词:become, go, get等。)

mr. white and manyother friends were present at the meeting. present at the meeting were and many other friends。

aboy was lying on the floor. lyingon the floor was a boy。

接下来,给大家列举几个考研真题的例句,检测大家是否能一眼识别完全倒装结构:

within taylor’sdefinition is the concept that culture islearned, shared, and patterned beh**ior. (2023年英译汉)

分析:这里是完全倒装,倒装结构是上述的(4):形容词短语(implicitwithin taylor’s definition)作表语置于句首。

译文:泰勒对文化的定义隐含这样一层意思,即文化是一种学习、交流和模式化的行为。

the core of this debate is chairman gerald levin, 56, who took over for the late steve rossin 1992. (2023年阅读)

分析:这里是完全倒装,倒装结构是上述的(2):表地点的介词短语(atthe core of this debate)置于句首。

译文:这场争论的核心人物是现年56岁的主席geraldlevin。他于2023年接替已故的steve ross。

from the 1980census is the picture of a nation developingmore and more regional competition, as population growth in the northeast andmidwest reaches a near standstill。

分析:这里是完全倒装,倒装结构是上述的(4):现在分词短语(emergingfrom the 1980 census)作表语置于句首。

译文:2023年的人口普查显示,随着东北部和中西部人口发展几乎停顿,国家形成越来越多的地方性竞争。

以上便是英语的完全倒装及其常见的结构。倒装结构是考研英语难点之一,了解和掌握常见的倒装结构,可以帮助大家很快识别长难句中的倒装并还原为正常语序,从而肃清句子理解的障碍。

汉语偏短句,英语多长句。考研[微博]英语的完形填空、阅读理解和英译汉中充斥着大量令人望而生畏的长难句。从某种意义上来说,征服考研英语就是要征服长难句。

而在英语长难句中,多种特殊的复杂结构常常又如影随形。今天,考研辅导老师总结了英语长难句的特殊结构之一——省略结构,帮大家轻松识别省略成分,掌握省略结构的分析。

1. 并列结构。

省略最常见于并列结构中。

定义:两个或两个以上、由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构叫做并列结构。

2. 并列连词。

英语有三个主要的并列连词:and,or, but

关联并列连词:both…and,either…or, not…but, not…nor, neither…nor, not only…but also

近似并列连词:as wellas, as much as, rather than, more than

三个词项:nor,so, yet

3. 并列结构中的省略现象。

并列结构中,常常发生省略的现象,后一个分句与前一个分句相同的句子成分可以省去,也可以省略连词。

a. 共同主语的省略。

(1) thetown offers better cultural advantages than (it) has been generally supposed。

(2) as families move away from their stable community, their friendsof many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow ofinformation is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be**ailable when needed and (information) will be trustworthy and reliable。

b. 共同主动词、助动词或情态动词的省略。

(3) johnmust h**e been playing football and mary (must h**e been) doing her homework。

(4) johnshould clean the shed and peter (should) mow the lawn。

(5) failinghips can be replaced, clinical depression (can be) controlled, cataracts (canbe) removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure。

(6) hedrives faster than you (do)。

(7) sheplays with him as a cat (plays) with a mouse。

c. 共同主语、谓语的省略。

(8) itis said that in england death ispressing, in canada (death is) inevitable and in california (death is)optional。

(9) tomhates him as much as (he hates) me。

i h**e always lived more in the future than (i h**e lived) in the present。

d. 共同主动词及其补足成分的省略。

gorge will take the course and bob might (take the course) too。

john was the winner in 1989, and bob (was the winner) in 1990.

e. 共同表语的省略。

they were as anxious as he was (anxious)。

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