113 个字首(prefix) p-1
122 个字尾(suffix) p-3
418 个字根(root) p-5
113 个字首(prefix)
1 a- =of
2 a- =on
3 a- =intensive (加强语气)
4 a- =ad- =to,at,for
5 a- =ab- =from, away
6 a- =ex- =out, extremely
7 a- =negative (否定) =not, without *母音前为an- (参照1-14)
8 ab- =form, away form, off
9 ad- =to, at, for *表示方向、变化、完成、附加、增加、开始,或指表加强的重要字首 [变化型] 借着后面的字音的同化作用,而有一下变化:ab-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-.
10 al- =all
11 ambi- =on both sides, about, around [变化型] amb-
12 amphi- =on both sides, around
13 an- =negative (否定) =not, without [变化型] a-, am-
14 ana- =upon, on, up [变化型] an-
15 ante- =before (与post-相反) [变化型]anti-, ant-, anci-, an-
16 anti- =against, opposite to (与pro-相反)
17 arch- =chief [变化型]archi, arche-
18 auto- =self [变化型] auth-
19 be- =to make *把形容词、名词动词化。
20 be- =to cover with *名次及物动词用。
21 be- =upon
22 be- =by
23 be- =intensive (加强语气)
24 bene- =well, good (与male-相反) [同义词]bon- =bonus = good
25 bi- =double, two [变化型]bin-
26 cata- =down, downwards, fully [变化型]cat-
27 circum- =around, round about [变化型]circu-
28 com- =together, with, wholly [变化型] co-, col-, comb-, con-, cor-, coun-
29 contra- =against [变化型]contro, counter
30 de- =down, downward *由“往下”之意衍生为【分离、否定、加强】,是很重要的字首。
31 de- =apart, from *dis-变化型的一种,主要表【分离、除去】的意思。
32 deca- =ten *deci-表示“十分之一”的意思。
33 demi- =half
34 di- =double, twice
35 dia- =through, between, across *和di-有密切关系的字首,表示“在两者之间”的意思。
36 dis- =apart, away *dis-是由拉丁文duo = two的变形duis衍生而来,原本是“一分为二”的意思,是由【分离】引申为【除去、剥夺、反对、否定】,尤其【加强语气】的重要字首。 [变化型]de-, des-, di-, dif-, s-
37 duo- =two, double [变化型]do-, dou-, du-
38 e- *只是为了生意的完善而在s音之前附加的字母。
39 en- =in, into, on, at, near *从【在中间】之意演变成【进入某种状态使--,使成为】等,把表示to make之意的名词、形容词变为及物动词。 [变化型] em-
40 epi- =upon, to, besides, among [变化型]ep-
41 eu- =well [变化型] ev-
42 ex- =out of, fully [变化型] a-, e-, ec-, ef-, es-, iss-, s-
43 extra- =beyond
44 for- =away from *由【分离】之意引申为【禁止、无视、除外】等否定的意思,或为【破坏】及【强迫】的意思。
45 fore- =before [变化型] for-
46 forth- =towards
47 hecto- =hundred
48 hemi- =half
49 hetero- =other, different
50 hexa- =six
51 homo = same (与hetero-相反)
52 hyper- =above, beyond *含有excess【过度】的意思。
53 hypo- =under (与hyper-相反)
54 in- =in, into, on *[变化型] il-, im-, ir-
55 in- =negative (否定) =not [变化型] en-, i-, im-, ir-
56 inter- =between, among [变化型] enter-, intel-
57 intra-/intro- =within, inward (与extra-相反)
58 iso- =equal (相等的)
59 kilo- =thousand
60 macro- =large (大的), long (长的)
61 mal (e)- badly, ill (与bene- 相反)
62 mege- =large, million
63 meta- =among, with, after *一般表【变化】之意,主要用在科学词语。
64 micro- =small
65 milli- =thousand, thousandth
66 mis- =wrong (ly), bad (ly), ill *一般是带有【贬抑】的语气表示【错误】,但也可单表【否定】
67 mono- =single, sole, alone [变化型] mon-
68 mult (i)- many, much
69 ne- =negative (否定) =not [变化型] na-, n-, neg-
70 neo- =new
71 mon- =not
72 ob- =as, towards, at, before, upon, over, about, near, against [变化型]为了因应其后所接字音而变为 o-, oc-, of-, op-, os-
73 octa-, octo- =eight, eighth
74 omni- =all
75 out- =out, beyond * 向【向外】引申而为【超越】【胜过】的意思。
76 over- =above, across, beyond *从【覆盖】【超越】【胜过】引申为【过度】【太过】之意。
77 pan (to)-all
78 para- =beside, beyond, against, contrary [ 变化型] par-, pa-
79 pen- =almost
80 penta- =five
81 per- =through, thoroughly, away [变化型] par-, pel-, pil-
82 peri- =around, round about
83 poly- =many
84 post- =after, behind (与ante-相反)
85 pre- =before
86 pro- =for, before, forth, forward * 原本相当于英语for的拉丁文字首,可以用for的意思推想。由【为了…】而产生【代替…】、赞成…的】、【偏爱】等意思;或由【向…】演变为【向前】、【事先】、【公开的】、【因应…】等意思。
87 prot (o)- first * pro-的最高级。由【最…的】引申为【最初的】、【原始的】、【原型的】等意思。
88 pseudo- =false
89 quadr (i)- four
90 quasi- =partly
91 re- =again, back [变化型] red-, ren-
92 retro- =backward
93 se- =away, apart
94 semi- =half
95 sept- =seven
96 sex- =six
97 step- =orphaned
98 sub- =under * sub- 是 sup- 演变而来的,其比较级是 super, 最高级是 supreme。sub- 原为【高】的意思,如super, supreme是指【(以)上;过度;极度;超越】之意。依照sub- 本来的意思【高】演变而来的字有sublime(崇高的;使崇高) [变化型] 为了因应其后连接字音的不同,而有以下的变化:
suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus
99 super- =above, over [变化型] sop-, sove-, sur-
100 syn- =with, together * 相当于拉丁文 co- 的字首,表示【一起、同时、相似】之意。 [变化型] sy-, syl-, sym-
101 tele- =far off
102 tetra- =four
103 trans- =beyond, across, over [变化型] tra-, tran-, tres-
104 tri- =three, threefold
105 twi- =two
106 ultra- =beyond
107 un- =no * 接在名词、形容词、副词前,表【否定】之意。
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