英语中并列句的四种类型。
一、联合关系。
常用的连词有 and( 同，和 ),when(=and just at this time 就在这时，然后 ),not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且…… neither…nor… （既不……也不……）等。如：
he helps me and i help him. 他帮我，我帮他。
he not only g**e us a lot of advice, but also helped us to study english. 他不仅给我们出很多建议并且还帮助我学英语。
i was just le**ing when the telephone rang. 我正要离开，**铃响了。
注： when 作这种用法时，主要用于 was/were doing sth. when sth.
/sb. did; was/were about to do sth. when sth.
/sb. did; was/were on the point of doing sth. when sth.
/sb. did 等句型中，表示“当某人或某物正在或正要做某事，就在这时突然又发生了另一事”。
二、选择关系。
常用的连词有 or( 或者，否则 ),otherwise( 否则 ),or else( 否则 ),either...or( 不是……就是 ) 如：
hurry up, or (else) you’ll be late. 快点，否则就会迟到了。
will he still be there or will he h**e gone away? 你那时还在那里还是可能已经走了？
you must go early, otherwise you will miss the bus. 你好得早点走，否则就赶不上公共汽车了。
either tom is coming or his sisters are. 不是汤姆就是她的姐妹们要来。
三、转折关系。
常用的连词有 but( 但是，可是，只是因为 ),while( 而、却 ),yet( 可是 ) 等。 如：
it never rains but it pours. 祸不单行。 壹壹英语论坛。
i like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢喝茶而她喜欢喝咖啡。
she said she would be late, yet she arrived on time. 她说她会迟到，但她却准时到达了。
she looks very young, but she is already in her 30’s. 她看上去很年轻 , 可是她已三十多岁了。
此处，还有副词 still( 仍然）， however( 然而 ) 也表示转折关系。
he is good-natured; still i don''t like him. 他脾气很好 , 可是我还是不喜欢他。
the book is expensive; however, it''s worth it. 这本书很贵；却很值。
注意： but, while 不与 although 连用，但 yet, still 可与 although 连用。
although she felt ill, she still went to work. 她虽然感觉不舒服，但她仍然去上班。
四、因果关系。
常用的连词有 for （因为）和 so （所以，因此）等。如：
i am thirsty, for it is hot. 我口渴，因为天气太热。
the manager was ill so i went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。
注意： so 不与 because 连用。
由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是一较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考热点，应作充分准备。
同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。
（一）时间状语从句。
表示时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ),by the time, no sooner … than, hardly (scarcely) …when, every time等引导。
when i came into the office, the teachers were h**ing a meeting.
he started as soon as he received the news.
once you see him, you will never forget him.
no sooner had i gone to bed than i went to sleep.
（二）原因状语从句。
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。
he is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
as it is raining, i will not go out.
now that you mention it, i do remember.
（三）地点状语从句。
引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。
sit wherever you like.
make a mark where you h**e a question.
（四）目的状语从句。
引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。
speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
she has bought the book in order that she could follow the tv lessons.
he left early in case he should miss the train.
（五）结果状语从句。
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so … that, such … that等引导。
she was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
he was so excited that he could not say a word.
she is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
（六）条件状语从句。
条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( if )。注意：
条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。
if he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
you may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
so far as i know（据我所知）, he will be away for three months.
you can go swimming on condition that ( if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
if he had come a few minutes earlier, he could h**e seen her.
（七）让步状语从句。
让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether … or, no matter who (when, what, …等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。
though he is a child, he knows a lot.
child as he is, he knows a lot.
whatever ( no matter what ) you say, i’ll never change my mind.
（八）方式状语从句。
方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。
you must do the exercise as i show you.
he acted as if nothing had happened.
（九）比较状语从句。
比较状语从句常用than, so (as) …as, the more … the more等引导。
i h**e made a lot more mistakes than you h**e.
he smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
the busier he is, the happier he feels.
（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题。
1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
we’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
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