英语时态特殊形式

发布 2021-05-17 08:02:28 阅读 5276

现在分词由动词原形在词尾加ing构成,其变化规则如下:

1、一般情况下直接加ing

book—booking think--thinking sleep--sleeping

heat—heating talk—talking sell--selling

see--seeing (看见 ,由于fly--flying

say--saying buy--buying carry--carrying

try--trying study--studying

i remember seeing him once. 我记得见过他一次。

i did not like seeing that. 我一点也不喜欢见到这样。

seeing that it is 10 o'clock, we will wait no longer. 由于时间已到十点,我们不再等了。

2、以不发音的字母e结尾的单词,去掉字母e,再加ing

come--coming drive--driving h**e--h**ing

make—****** le**e—le**ing lose--losing

shake--shaking wake—waking take--taking

use--using

3、以重读闭音节结尾,呈现“辅,元,辅”结构的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing

stop--stopping shop--shopping drop—dropping

nod—nodding run—running cut--cutting

chat—chatting get--getting set--setting

beg--begging let--letting step--stepping

begin--beginning swim--swimming sit--sitting

fit--fitting(适合的)

常见的这类词还有:forget,regret,dig(挖) 等。

you're stepping on my toes. 你踩在我的脚趾头上了。

don’t spend time regretting the past . 不要把时间花在后悔过去上。

4、以ie结尾的动词,把ie改为y,再加ing

die--dying tie--tying(系,打结)

lie--lying 说谎(vt,vi),躺(v i)

过去式加 -ed 的读音。

1、在清辅音后,读清辅音 / t /

worked / kt / helped / pt / passed / st / washed / t / watched / t /

2、在浊辅音和元音后,读浊辅音 / d /

played / d / carried / id / answered / d / lived / vd / used / zd / called / ld /

3、在 / t, d / 音后面, 读 / id /

wanted / tid / needed / did /

过去式和过去分词: 一、用法 (规则的)

1)一般情况下,动词词尾加 ed :

work-worked-worked play-played-played

want-wanted-wanted heat-heated-heated

book-booked-booked talk-talked-talked

2)以不发音的 e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 d:

live-lived move-moved decide-decided

decline-declined hope-hoped die-died

tie-tieduse-used

3)以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把y变为i 再加ed:

study-studied try-tried copy-copied

cry-criedcarry-carried empty-emptied

4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 ed,如:

stop-stopped shop-shopped drop-dropped

nod-nodded chat--chatted fit-fitted

regret-regretted

beg-begged step-stepped wet-wetted (使变湿,尿湿)

上面的单词过去式和过去分词相同。

二、用法 (不规则的)

1)过去式和过去分词相同:

1、原形。set-set-set let-let-let cost-cost-cost

put-put-put cut-cut-cut hurt-hurt-hurt

hit-hit-hit read-read-read shut-shut-shut

spread-spread-spread

2、lay(下蛋、放置)-laid-laid pay-paid-paid

3、sweep-swept-sweptkeep-kept-kept

4、tell-told-told

特:spell-spelt/spelled-spelt/spelled

smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled

5、bring-brought-broughtthink-thought-thought

fight-fought-foughtteach-taught-taught

6、feed -fed-fed meet-met-met

7、lend-lent-lentsend-sent-sent

spend-spent-spentmean-meant-meant

8、stand-stood-stoodunderstand-understood-understood

misunderstand-misunderstood-misunderstood(误解,误会)

9、其他。dig-dug-dug feel-felt-felt find-found-found

hang-hung-hung hold-held-held h**e /has - had -had lead-led-led le**e-left-left

lose-lost-lost light-lit-lit (点亮,照亮)make-made-made

sit-sat-sat shine-shone/shined-shone/shined

stick-stuck-stuck win-won-won shoot-shot-shot(射击)

2)过去式和过去分词不同:

1、begin-began-begun ring-rang-rung run-ran-run

sing-sang-sung swim-swam-swum sink-sank-sunk

2、speak-spoke-spoken

3、rise-rose-risen

write— 特:

4、 grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw-threw-thrown

特:show-showed-shown/showed

5、come-came-come become-became-become

6、shake-shook-shaken take-took-taken

特:wake- woke-woken

7、情态动词,无过去分词形式:

shall-should will-would

8、其他不规则。

am/is-was-been are-were-been beat-beat-beaten

choose-chose-chosen do-did-done eat-ate-eaten

fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown

give-g**e-given go-went-gone may-might

see-saw-seen wear-wore-worn

lie:意思不一样过去式和过去分词不一样,现在分词都为lying

1、说谎 (vt,vi) lie-lied-lied

2、躺,平放,位于(vi) lie-lay-lain

she lied to me about her age. 她对我谎报了年龄。(vi)

he lied/told a white lie to her. 他对她说了一个善意的谎言。(vt)

he is lying on the bed. 他现在正躺在床上。 (vi)

the book lies/ lay (lie过去时)

open on the desk. 那本书摊开放在桌子上。(vi)

he has lain on the bed for two hours. 他已经在床上躺了两个小时了。(vi)

注意:还有一个单词lay: lay - laid - laid - laying

vt:使…躺下,放置,产卵, vi:产卵,打赌。

lay me down on a bed of roses . 让我躺在满床玫瑰花的床上。

he laid his book open on the desk. 他把他的书打开放在桌上。

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