一、什么是状语？
状语是在句中起重要辅助作用的一类句子成分，用于辅助说明。
时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、比较或让步（共八种功能）；句中，状语一般由副词或副词性的词组、句子充当（修饰动词、形容词，甚至句子和副词本身）。
标出下列句子的状语：
1. everything is ok as usual.
2. day and night, loves miss each other.
3. my mind blanks out in exams.
4. nowadays, more and more college students prefer to stay in dorm.
当将上述状语改为用连接词引导的句子时，全句就被称为状语从句。根据状语在句中的不同作用，又将其划分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、比较或让步状语从句。
标出下列句子的状语：
1. everything is ok as it was in the past.
2. loves miss each other when they are apart.
3. whenever i take exams, my mind blanks out.
4. more and more college students, when the internet can help them reach every corner in the world, prefer to stay in dorm.
二、初中状语从句重点：时间、条件状语从句。
一）时间状语从句中的连接词：
when / while / as after / before / since
as soon as till （不可用于句首） /until
by the time
解释以上连接词的意思）
二）时间状语从句中的时态：
1. you begin to know something when you think you know nothing.
2. the president laughed as he spoke.
3. by the end of this year, it will be four months since they joined the army.
4. we went home after we had finished the work.
5. my father had left for canada before the letter arrived.
时态的一致性： 主句从句。
现在时现在时/过去时。
将来时现在时/过去时。
过去时过去时。
提问：为什么有些动作会用进行时/完成时表示？
观察下列句子中的动词：
while my mom was reading the news*****, i was watching tv.
while my mom came in, i was watching tv.
my mom was reading the news***** while i came in.
jack left the office after he (had) finished the report.
the writer had written many unknown books before he got famous overnight.
三）条件状语从句的连接词和时态：
unless if
时态一致性： 主句从句。
将来时现在时。
（过去将来时过去时）
翻译下列句子：
1. 如果叫他的话他会帮你忙的。
if you ask him, he will help you.
2. 除非下雨，比赛将照常进行。
the game will be held unless it rains.
3. if i were you, i would not be so stupid.
如果我是你，我不会那么笨的。
练习：___the days went on, the weather got worse.
a. with b. since c. while d. as
tom __into the house when no one __
a. slipped; was looking b. had slipped; looked
c. slipped; had looked d. was slipping; looked
he was told that it would be at least three more months
a. before he can recover b. after he can recover
c. before he could recover d. after he could recover
they __the train __it disappeared in the distance.
a. watch, after b. watched, until
c. watched, after d. watch, until
it’s years __i met an old friend.
a. after b. before c. when d. since
if you __open up) your mind, you __find) the world is full of joy.
the stars are shining in the sky. there was no air pollution. (用when连接两个句子)
we __le**e) school before we __finish) the homework.. 我们完成作业前就回家了。
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