主语。主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事”。
一、名词作主语。
d**id arrived last night.
大卫昨晚到达。
pride goes before a fall.
骄必败。二、代词作主语。
who is speaking, please?
在**中）请问您是谁？
that's ok.
这没问题。三、数词作主语。
two will be enough.
两个就够了。
two-thirds of the workers are women.
三分之二的工人是女工。
四、动名词作主语。
skating is good exercise.
溜冰是很好的运动。
looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.
从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。
五、动词不定式作主语。
to do such a job needs a better knowledge.
六、从句作主语。
what i mean is to work harder.
谓语。谓语（predicate verb）是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态、语态、语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。例如：
i like walking. (一般现在时主动语态)
i made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)
it is used by tr**ellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)
复合谓语也可分为两种情况：
第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：
what does this word mean?
i won't do it again.
you'd better catch a bus.
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：
the weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.
keep quiet and listen to me.
he looked worried.
宾语。宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语担任。宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。
一、名词作宾语。
show your passport, please.
请出示护照。
二、代词作宾语。
he didn't say anything.
他什么也没说。
三、数词作宾语。
how many do you want? -i want two.
你要几个？－ 我要两个。
四、不定式作宾语。
they asked to see my passport.
他们要求看我的护照。
5、ving形式作宾语。
i enjoy working with you.
我和你们一道工作很愉快。
六、从句作宾语。
did you write down what he said?
你把他的话记下了没有？
定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，汉语中常用“--的”表示。定语分为前置定语和后置定语。
前置定语在名词中心词之前，前置定语通常较短；后置定语在名词中心词之后，后置定语通常较长。
以下是前置定语：
一、形容词作定语。
he's a tall man. 他是个高个子的男子。
二、名词作定语。
there are a lot of banana trees on the island. 岛上有许多香蕉树。
三、数词作定语。
three thousand people watched the game. 三千人**了球赛。
四、ing形式作定语。
there is a swimming pool near our school. 我们学校附近有一个游泳池。
五、ed分词作定语。
frozen food 冷冻食品。
fallen le**es 落叶。
后置定语：定语从句用作定语。
there are five boys who will play the game.
状语。英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。
一、副词作状语。
don't drive so fast.
别开得这么快。
二、介词短语作地点状语。
we live in hangzhou.
我们住在杭州。
3、不定式在句子中可以做目的状语。
i come specially to see you.
我专门来看你。
4、从句做状语。
if i am not busy tomorrow, i will play football with you.
表语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的，它常位于联系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。
一、名词作表语。
africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲。
that remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题。
二、代词作表语。
what's your fax number?
你的传真号是多少？
三、形容词作表语。
i feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了。
四、数词作表语。
she was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人。
五、不定式或ing形式作表语。
her job is selling computers.
她的工作是销售电脑。
our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好。
六、介词短语作表语。
the patient is out of danger.
病人脱险了。
i don't feel at ease.
我感到不自在。
七、副词作表语。
the sun is up.
太阳升起来了。
i must be off now.
现在我得走了。
八、从句作表语。
this is what he said.
这就是他所说的话。
补语。补语是起补充说明作用的成份。最常见的补语有宾语补足语和主语补足语。
一、宾语补足语。
适用宾补的句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾补（s+v+o+oc）
宾补对宾语加以解释或描述。
we must keep our classroom clean.
二、主语补足语。
主语+动词+形容词（双谓语）
接在动词之后对主语起着解释或描述作用的成分，叫作主补。
tired and hungry, he went to bed.
the monkey and the crocodile
猴子和鳄鱼。
once, a crocodile (鳄鱼) liked bananas. however, they only grew on trees and the crocodile could not reach them.
曾经，有一只鳄鱼喜欢吃香蕉。然而，香蕉是长在树上的，鳄鱼够不到。
a monkey watched the crocodile for some time and then said, “allow me to get some bananas for you.”
一只猴子观察了鳄鱼很久，说：“我给你拿一些香蕉吧。”
the crocodile ate most of the bananas, and took some home to his wife.
鳄鱼吃了很多香蕉，拿了一些回家给他的妻子。
if that monkey lives on bananas,” the crocodile’s wife said, “his liver (肝) must be very tasty. try to ask him to visit us, and then we can h**e a good meal of monkey liver.”
鳄鱼的妻子说：“如果那只猴子靠香蕉为生，那么他的肝脏肯定很美味。请他来我们家，那么我们就可以享用他的肝脏了。”
the next day, the crocodile went back to the banana tree.
第二天，鳄鱼回到了香蕉树那儿。
my wife is sick and she wants you to visit her,” the crocodile told the monkey.
鳄鱼对猴子说：“我的妻子生病了，希望你能够去看望她。”
all right,” the monkey said.
猴子说：“好的。“
the crocodile then carried the monkey across the river to their home.
就这，鳄鱼载着猴子穿过小河到他们家去。
tell me what your problem is,” the monkey said to her, “and i’ll suggest some medicine for you.”
猴子对她说：“告诉我你生了什么病，那样我可以给你推荐一点药。”
the only medicine i need,” she said, “is your liver.”
她说：“我只需要一种药那就是你的肝脏。”
thinking quickly, the monkey said, “i left my liver on a banana tree. would you like me to get it?”
猴子很快地想了一下，说：“我把我的肝脏放在了香蕉树上，你就一回去取一下吗？”
the crocodile’s wife agreed that the monkey should go and get it, so her husband carried him back to the banana tree. then the monkey climbed to the tree and disappeared.
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