英语16种时态

发布 2021-05-12 11:23:28 阅读 4675

**:天星更新日期:2007-10-07 点击:118527

英语共有十六种时态,其表现形式如下(以study为例)

一般时进行时完成时完成进行时

现在 study be studying h**e studiedh**e been studying

过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying

将来 will study wil be studying will h**e studied will h**e been studying

过去将来would study would be studying would h**e studied would h**e been studying

时态(tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。

1)一般现在时。

基本形式(以do为例): 第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);

肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;

he works for us.

否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他;

he doesn't work for us.

一般疑问句:do/does+主语+动词原形+其他。

肯定回答:yes,(+主语+do/does).

否定回答:no,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)

特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语

does he work for us?

yes, he does.

no, he doesn't

what does he do for us?

he works for us.

2)一般过去时。

be动词+行为动词的过去式

否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;

was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词

例如: did he work for us?

he didn't work for us.

he worked for us.

3)一般将来时。

am/are/is+going to+do 或

will/shall+do

am/is/are/about to + do

am/is/are to + do;

一般将来时的表达方法

be going to +动词原形

be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形

be able to +不定式

be about to+动词原形

will + 动词原形;

例如:he is going to work for us.

he will work for us;

he is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!

4)过去将来时。

be(was,were)going to+动词原形

be(was,were)about to+动词原形

be(was,were)to+动词原形

肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.

否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.

疑问句:be(was,were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?

肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.

否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.

疑问句:would(should)+主语+动词原形~?

he would work for us.

5)现在进行时。

主语+be+现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)

表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。

例如:i am buying a book.

第一人称+am+doing+sth

第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)

第三人称+is+doing+sth

例:he is working.

6)过去进行时。

肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它

否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

一般疑问句及答语:was/were+主语+doing+其它 ;答语:yes,i主语+was/were./no,i主语。

wasn't/weren't.

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它

he was working when he was alive.

7)将来进行时。

主语+will + be +现在分词

he will be working for us.=he will work for us.

8)过去将来进行时。

should(would)+be+现在分词

he said that he would be working for us.=he said that he would work for us

9)现在完成时。

基本结构:主语+h**e/has+过去分词(done)

肯定句:主语+h**e/has+过去分词+其他

否定句:主语+h**e/has+not+过去分词+其他

一般疑问句:h**e/has+主语+过去分词+其他

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(h**e/has+主语+过去分词+其他\

he has worked for us for ten years.

has he worked for us for ten years.

10)过去完成时。

基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)

肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他

否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他

一般疑问句:had+主语+过去分词+其他

肯定回答:yes,主语+had

否定回答:no,主语+hadn't

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)

语法判定:

1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:

i had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:

we had learnt over two thousand english words by the end of last term.

3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:

they had planted six hundred trees before last wednesday.

11)将来完成时。

shall)will+h**e+动词过去分词

before+将来时间或by+将来时间

before或by the time引导的现在时的从句

he will h**e worked for us.=he will work for us.

12)过去将来完成时。

should / would h**e done sth.

he said that he would h**e worked for us.=he said that he would work for us.

13)现在完成进行时。

基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念

h**e/has been +-ing 分词

he has been working for us for ten years.=he has worked for us for ten years.

14)过去完成进行时。

had been +-ing 分词

he said that he had been working for us for ten years.=he said that he had worked for us for ten years.

15)将来完成进行时。

主语+ shall/will h**e been doing

he will h**e been working for us.=he will work for us.

翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)

16)过去将来完成进行时。

should+h**e been+现在分词用于第一人称

would h**e been+现在分词用于其他人称

he said that he would h**e been working for us.=he said that he would work for us.

举例: 英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)

现在以i listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:

一般现在时:i listen

现在进行时:i am listening

过去进行时:i was listening

现在完成时:i h**e listened

现在完成进行时:i h**e been listening

一般将来时:i shall listen”或“i will listen.”

将来进行时:i shall be listening

一般过去时:i listened

过去完成时:i had listened

过去完成进行时:i had been listening

将来完成时: i shall h**e listened

将来完成进行时: i shall h**e been listening

英语中不存在属格

一个普遍的误解是在英语中只存在一个以“'s”结尾表示所属的属格。然而,语言学家已经表明英语的所有格完全不是一个格,而是一个独立的词并且在书写和发音上都不是前一个词的一部分,这可以有下面这个句子表明:the king of sparta's wife was called helen.

(斯巴达国王的妻子叫做海伦。)如果“'s”是属格,那么“妻子”(wife)就属于“斯巴达”(sparta),但是“'s”并不是只表示“斯巴达”(sparta),而是表示“斯巴达国王”(king of sparta)。

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