**:天星更新日期:2007-10-07 点击:118527
英语共有十六种时态,其表现形式如下(以study为例)
一般时进行时完成时完成进行时
现在 study be studying h**e studiedh**e been studying
过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying
将来 will study wil be studying will h**e studied will h**e been studying
过去将来would study would be studying would h**e studied would h**e been studying
时态(tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
1)一般现在时。
基本形式(以do为例): 第三人称单数:does(主语为非第三人称单数);
肯定句:主语+动词原形+其他;
he works for us.
否定句:主语+don‘t/doesn't+动词原形+其他;
he doesn't work for us.
一般疑问句:do/does+主语+动词原形+其他。
肯定回答:yes,(+主语+do/does).
否定回答:no,(+主语+don't/doesn't.)
特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句语
does he work for us?
yes, he does.
no, he doesn't
what does he do for us?
he works for us.
2)一般过去时。
be动词+行为动词的过去式
否定句式:在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was/were+not;
was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
例如: did he work for us?
he didn't work for us.
he worked for us.
3)一般将来时。
am/are/is+going to+do 或
will/shall+do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do;
一般将来时的表达方法
be going to +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to +动词原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+动词原形
will + 动词原形;
例如:he is going to work for us.
he will work for us;
he is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时表达将来时态的例子!!
4)过去将来时。
be(was,were)going to+动词原形
be(was,were)about to+动词原形
be(was,were)to+动词原形
肯定句:主语+be(was,were)going to+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+be(was,were)not going to+动词原形~.
疑问句:be(was,were)+主语+going to+动词原形~?
肯定句:主语+would(should)+动词原形~.
否定句:主语+would(should)not+动词原形~.
疑问句:would(should)+主语+动词原形~?
he would work for us.
5)现在进行时。
主语+be+现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)
表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。
例如:i am buying a book.
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth (doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式)
第三人称+is+doing+sth
例:he is working.
6)过去进行时。
肯定句:主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语:was/were+主语+doing+其它 ;答语:yes,i主语+was/were./no,i主语。
wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
he was working when he was alive.
7)将来进行时。
主语+will + be +现在分词
he will be working for us.=he will work for us.
8)过去将来进行时。
should(would)+be+现在分词
he said that he would be working for us.=he said that he would work for us
9)现在完成时。
基本结构:主语+h**e/has+过去分词(done)
肯定句:主语+h**e/has+过去分词+其他
否定句:主语+h**e/has+not+过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:h**e/has+主语+过去分词+其他
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(h**e/has+主语+过去分词+其他\
he has worked for us for ten years.
has he worked for us for ten years.
10)过去完成时。
基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)
肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他
否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
一般疑问句:had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答:yes,主语+had
否定回答:no,主语+hadn't
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他)
语法判定:
1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
i had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
we had learnt over two thousand english words by the end of last term.
3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
they had planted six hundred trees before last wednesday.
11)将来完成时。
shall)will+h**e+动词过去分词
before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
he will h**e worked for us.=he will work for us.
12)过去将来完成时。
should / would h**e done sth.
he said that he would h**e worked for us.=he said that he would work for us.
13)现在完成进行时。
基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念
h**e/has been +-ing 分词
he has been working for us for ten years.=he has worked for us for ten years.
14)过去完成进行时。
had been +-ing 分词
he said that he had been working for us for ten years.=he said that he had worked for us for ten years.
15)将来完成进行时。
主语+ shall/will h**e been doing
he will h**e been working for us.=he will work for us.
翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作)
16)过去将来完成进行时。
should+h**e been+现在分词用于第一人称
would h**e been+现在分词用于其他人称
he said that he would h**e been working for us.=he said that he would work for us.
举例: 英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时(过去、现在、将来)
现在以i listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示:
一般现在时:i listen
现在进行时:i am listening
过去进行时:i was listening
现在完成时:i h**e listened
现在完成进行时:i h**e been listening
一般将来时:i shall listen”或“i will listen.”
将来进行时:i shall be listening
一般过去时:i listened
过去完成时:i had listened
过去完成进行时:i had been listening
将来完成时: i shall h**e listened
将来完成进行时: i shall h**e been listening
英语中不存在属格
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