i. 名词的种类。
专有名词。普通名词。
国名地名人名,团体机构名称。
可数名词。不可数名词。
个体名词。集体名词。
抽象名词。物质名词。
特别注意名词类别的相互转换。
个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换。
例句。意义。
名词性质。①she held someflowersin her hand.
②the trees are now inflower
花儿。个体名词。
开花。抽象名词。
①youthis beautiful.
②he is ayouthof twenty
青春。抽象名词。
年轻人。个体名词。
①they h**e achieved remarkablesuccessin their work.
②-how about the christmas evening party?
-i should say it was a success.
成功。抽象名词。
成功的事。个体名词。
例句。意义。
名词性质。①ironis a kind of metal.
②please lend me youriron.
铁。物质名词。
熨斗。个体名词。
①he broke a piece ofglass.
②he broke aglass.
玻璃。物质名词。
玻璃杯。个体名词。
①i bought a chicken this morning
②please help yourself to somechicken
小鸡。个体名词。
鸡肉。物质名词。
具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词(如:h**e等)连。
用,表示某一次短暂的动作。
①-id like___information about the management of your hotel,please.
-well, you could h**e___word with the manager. he might be helpful
②they sent usword of the latest happenings.消息(抽象名词)
③could we h**eword before you go to the meeting?话(个体名词)
c./ 类例:h**e a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look
take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)
/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try
表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示。
其中的一部分。
①many people agree that___knowledge of english is a must in___international trade today.
/ an the d. /the
a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)
give a fuller knowledge of china(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)
h**e a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识)
②if there were no examination, we should h**e___at school.
happiest time more happier time
happiest much happier time
③is money.
time 抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结。
果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰。
①oh, john. _you g**e me!
a pleasant surprise pleasant surprise
a pleasant surprised. what pleasant surprise
②she looked upwhen i shouted.
a surprise the surprise surprise some surprise
其它例子:the gift came as a complete surprise to me. we h**e had some unpleasant surprise
③it is___work of art that everyone wants to h**e a look at it.
unusual b. such unusual an unusual an unusual
规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es(参看有关语法书)。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,请看下表。
规则。例词。
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式。
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
单复数相同。
sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species
只有复数形式。
ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
一些集体名词总是用作复数。
people, police, cattle, staff
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party
复数形式表示特别含义。
customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), *****s(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
表示“某国人”
加-samericans, australians, germans, greeks, swedes, europeans
单复数同形。
swiss, portuguese, chinese, japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women
englishmen, frenchwomen
合成名词。将主体名词变为复数。
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数。
grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数。
women singers, men servants
规则。情况。举例。语。
法。一。致。原。
则。以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词。
用复数形式。
his father is working on the farm.
to study english well is not easy.
reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
what he said is very important for us all.
由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
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