一。1.一般虚拟的构成：(省略if, 要将should/were/had 提到句首)
(1). 对现在的虚拟：if +s.+ did/were sth., s.+ would/could/should +do
2) 对过去的虚拟：if +s.+had + s.+ would/could/should h**e +
3) 对将来的虚拟：if + s. +did/were/should do/were to do, s + would/should/could do sth.
例。 if she had returned an hour earlier , mary就不会被大雨淋了)
答案：wouldn’t h**e been caught by the he**y rain
二。表示建议的句式。
1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that –clause (should do/do )
he suggested that we (should) s**e money for the future.(insist的判断)
2) it is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that –clause(should do/do)(主语从句)
3) my advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表语从句）
4）his suggestion/advice/request/requirement that –clause(should do/do ) is.. 同位语从句）
5) it is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
例。 it is suggested that the air conditioner___要安装在窗户旁).
答案：(should) be fixed by the window.
三。特殊句式。
5）wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)
wish + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)
如，i wish i could go with them tomorrow.
i wish i had never met him.
6) it is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do )
如，it is (high/about) time we went home.
7) if only + clause ( did/were与现在相反) (would/could/might + do与将来相反) (had done 与过去相反) “要是。。。就好了“
如，if only he would come tomorrow! if only i had taken her advice!
8) as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) (would/could/might + do与将来相反)
( had done 与过去相反)
如， she treats kate as if she were her own daughter
四。倒装句。
1.否定副词not , never, seldom, nowhere, little , nor，neither，rarely 放于句首时要用倒装句式。
如：seldom do we get up at four in the morning
例88. the manager never laughed,neither___她也从来没有发脾气).
答案：did she ever lose her temper
2.用于 no sooner … than … hardly … when ，not only...but also...和 not until 等句型。
如：no sooner had i come in，the telephone rang.
我刚进屋，**铃就响了。
例91.——直到他完成使命）did he realise that he was seriously ill.
答案：not until he had fulfilled his mission
3. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise 和appear等。
如：there came shouts for help from the river.
如：there lies a large wheat field in front of the house
4. so+ 形容词/副词that 的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下：
so +形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that +从句。
如： so fast does light tr**el that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：
only+ 状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他。
如：only in this way can you make progress in your english.
五。主语从句。
what he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。
who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。
例90.——给游客印象最深的）was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.
答案：what impressed the tourists most
例90很多人所没有意识到的)is that simon is a lover of sports , and football in particular .
答案：what many people don't realize / what a host of folks don't realize
六。it作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型。
句型1 ：it (so) happened（chanced） that +clause. =sb.
happened /chanced to do sth. =sth. by chance.
如： it happened that he was out when i got there. 当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。
句型2：it seems that sb. do/ be doing/ h**e done/ had done= sb.
seems to do/ be doing/ h**e done/to be done/to h**e been done（还有动词appear等可这样使用）
如： it seemed that he had been to beijing before.他好象以前去过北京。
＝he seemed to h**e been to beijing before.
句型3 ：it is / was＋被强调的部分＋that(who)+剩余的部分。如：
it wasn't until he came back that i went to bed.直到他回来我才睡觉。(一定要注意被强调句型中的谓语动词否定的转移)。
it was because he was ill that he didn't come to school today.只因为他有病了今天没有来上学。（只能用because而不能用for, as 或since）
it is i who am a student. 我确实是个学生。（句中am不能用are来代替。）
句型4：it is high time (time/ about time)+ that) 主语＋should do / did+其它。（从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气。）如：
it is high time that we should go / went home.我们该回家了。
句型5：it is / was said ( reported…)＋that+从句。 如：
it was said that he had read this novel.据说他读过这篇**。＝he was said to h**e read this novel.
句型6：it +谓语＋段时间＋before+主语＋谓语。（ before引导的是时间状语从句。） 如：
it wasn't long before the people in that country rose up.没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了。
it will be three hours before he comes back.三个小时之后他才能回。
1、"as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。 the merchant as good as promised the orphan boy, that he would adopt him.
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