五大**考点：
1. no sooner…过去完成时than…一般过去时。
hardly/scarely…过去完成时when…一般过去时。
hardly had the foot ball game begun when it started raining.（倒装）
足球比赛才刚刚开始就下起雨来。
hardly h**e i get home when the telephone rings.
我一到家**铃就响了。
no sooner had we left home than it began to rain.
另外，hardly 也可以以 scarcely 来替代。
hardly/scarcely had we arrived, when it began to rain.
我们刚一到就下起雨来了。
2. not… until…
he didn't go to sleep until 12 last night .
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
they didn't realize their fault utill we pointed it out to them .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
变体(1)：倒装。
not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。
变体（2）：强调。
it is not until we caught the next offenders that could we le**e.
3. 虚拟语气。
3.1 一般形式：反过去、现在、将来。
3.2 通过介词without和介词短语but for表达，副词otherwise(不然)
we didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would h**e telephoned him.
3.3 wish的虚拟语气。
3.4 主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …)should) +v
3.4.1在it is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如it is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.
3.4.2在上述动词相应的名词形式作主语+连系动词，其后的表语从句中，例如his suggestion was that classed be re-scheduled.
3.4.3在对上述动词相应的名词进行解释的同位语从句中，如：
the workers raised the demand that their pay be increased to cope with the inflation.
3.5 would rather , would sooner+过去式(现在或将来)/过去完成式(过去)
i would rather he went right now.
3.6 it is +necessary/ necessary/important/essential/imperative/urgent/preferable/vital/ advisable
it is necessary that you listen to the teacher carefully.
it is essential that you be able to pronounce every single word correctly.
注】考试中看到it is + adj+that…. 全部使用（should）+v
3.7 it's (high/about) time +过去式。
it is high time that you went to school.
3.8 lest+(should )+v
the mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
3.9 if only+过去式(现在)/过去完成式(过去)
look at the terrible situation i am in! if only i had followed your advice.
4. 倒装。
4.1 部分倒装：
4.1.1表示否定意义或半否定意义的词置于句首时。常见的有。
seldom,never,hardly,no not,little 等。
4.1.2由 only,not until 引导的状语置于句首时。
4.1.3 no sooner…than, hardly…when等结构中，no sooner 和hardly 置于句首时。
主语用部分倒装。
4.1.4在so/such…that 引导的结果状语从句中，so/such引导的部分置于句首时主。
句用倒装。4.1.5 “so/neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语”so与前面的肯定句呼应，nor
neither 与后面的否定句呼应。其中的动词形式取决于前一句的动词。表示前。
者的情况也适用于后者或一者具备两种情况。
4.1.6省略if的虚拟条件句以had/were/should 开头引起的倒装。
4.2全倒装：
4.2.1 here/there 等表示方向的词放句首。
4.2.2介词短语放句首。
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