第一步：如何写好基本句子。
1. 六种基本句型。
1）主语+谓语(+状语)（主语+不及物动词（+副词、介词短语等））
i am speaking.
he walks very fast.
the sun rises in the east.
here comes the bus. (此句主谓倒装了)
there goes the bugle. (此句主谓倒装了)
比较：he often walks his dog after supper.
liu hu-lan lived a great life and died a glorious death.
he often works his wife late into the night.
2）主语+谓语+宾语（主语+及物动词+宾语（名词、代词、数词。
等））i study english.
she loves him.
we got three.
she likes reading books after class.
i don't like to read that book right now.
what he had said at the meeting surprised all of us.
3) 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。
he g**e me a book yesterday.
he g**e a book to me yesterday.
she will buy me a new bike.
she will buy a new bike for me.
she did not tell where she would go the following day.
4) 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等)
we call him john.
they find the task difficult.
she regards me as her brother.
she noticed him go out a moment ago.
we heard her singing an old russian song just now.
what has made china what she is today?
what he said set us thinking about our former decision.
5) 主语+系动词+表语（名词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等）
she is a student.
he is twenty.
we are strong.
here is your change. (此句主表倒装了)
the book is on the table.
to master a foreign language is of great importance in china.
it is no use crying over the spilt milk.
6）there be +主语（+状语）
there is only one desk in the classroom.
there are many students on the playground.
2. 句子的四种类型。
1）简单句。
john loves mary.
john loves mary and gives her money.
both john and cliff love mary.
john and cliff love mary and her sister (and give them money).
一个简单句可表示：
a．a statement (陈述)
mr. brown teaches this class.
b. a question(问题)
do you understand me?
c. a command or a request(命令)
open the door.
please help me with my work.
d. an exclamation(感叹)
how cold it is!
how fast he is running!
what a nice day it is!
2) 并列复合句。
john loves mary, but she doesn’t love him.
finally john persuaded mary to marry him for he is a charming persistent young man.
the wind is blowing; the light flashing; the thunder roaring; the rain pouring down; the earth rocking.
并列复合句常用连词有：
a． 表示并列关系的连词有：and ; not only…..but also; furthermore; besides; likewise; moreover; again;
i like english and he likes french.
not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
the car was almost new; furthermore it was in excellent condition.
b． 表示转折关系的词：but; yet; still; however; nevertheless; in spite of ; despite; notwithstanding; despite that
the coat was thin but it was warm.
the car was quite old; yet it was in excellent condition.
in spite of its age, the car was in excellent condition.
the car was quite old; despite that it was in excellent condition.
c. 表示选择关系的连词：or; neither; neither….nor
you must work harder, or you will lose the exam.
either your answer or mine is wrong.
your answer is not right, neither is mine.
neither you nor i am to blame.
d. 表示因果关系的词：so; then; therefore; consequently; accordingly
the rain began to fall, so we went home.
we worked until six; then we went home.
he broke the rules of the school; therefore he had to le**e.
3）主从复合句。
we must do what we must do. (宾语从句)
what must be done must be done. (主语从句)
this is what we must do.(表语从句)
what is done cannot be undone.(主语从句)
we can eat what we cannot. (宾语从句)
although john loves mary, she does not love him. (状语从句)
the man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.(定语从句)
no matter what happens \ whatever happens, my heart will go on.(状语从句)
4）并列主从复合句。
when he**y rain comes, the streams rise, and farmers know that there will be floods.
the neighborhood that henry grew up in was fairly prosperous, but it was by no means wealthy.
3. 写句子时常见错误。
1）不定式、动名词、分词、形容词短语悬垂。
incorrectcorrect
to learn english well, much practiceto learn ….we need much practice.
is necessary.
heated, we can make water into steam. heated, water can be made into steam.
after reading the letter, my heart was after reading ..i found my heart beating fast.
beating fast.
afraid to eat any more seafood, theafraid to eat...he asked the waiter to remove it…
waiter removed it from his table.
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