小升初英语语法总结——状语从句。
什么是状语从句？
状语就是在一句话中，表达该句的时间，地点，方式，原因，条件等的成分。 那么状语从句就是用一个。
从句，表示状语。
小升初考试需要掌握的状从：
一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、条件、结果、目的、让步、地点、原因、比较和方式。
难点：a.掌握连词。
b.注意时态，特别是时间，条件状语从句中的主将从现，主从时态一致原则。
（1）时间状语从句。
连词：when，while ，as soon as , not…until ， before，after，since,etc.
注意：主将从现，主从时态一致。
eg.：i will visit my good friend when i h**e time.
someone knocked at the door when/while i was sleeping.
he didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.
（2）地点状语从句。
连词：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere,nowhere
you can go anywhere you like.
（3）条件状语从句。
连词： if，unless除非， as/so long as只要，once一旦。
eg.:if it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike.
you'll fail in the exam unless you work harder.
（4）结果状语从句：
连词： so taht，so+adj./adv.+that, such+n.+that
eg.: she was so angry that she couldn't speak.
she worked hard so that everything got ready by 6 o'clock.
（5）目的状语从句。
连词： so that，in order that
eg.: please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes.
（6）让步状语从句。
连词： although, though, as, even though/if, whether…or not, no matter+疑问词/疑问词-ever
（7）原因状语从句。
连词：because, since/now that, as
语气的强弱：because最强，since次之，as最弱。
（8）比较状语从句。
连词：as…as, not as/so…as, …than
（9）方式状语从句。
连词：as，as if/though好像。
小升初英语语法总结——祈使句，感叹句，疑问句。
一．祈使句。
be careful!
please open your books.
let me h**e a try.
don’t open the door.
口诀：祈使句无主语，主语you常省去，动词原形当谓语，句首加don’t变否定。
二．感叹句：用what 和how引导，what 修饰的是名词，how修饰的是副词或形容词。
结构：what + a/an + 形+可数名词单数+（主语+谓语）！
what+形+可数名词复数/不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！
how+ 形/副 +（主语+谓语）！
___a fine day it is! （what）
___useful work we h**e done! (what)
___careful my mother is! (how)
___delicious bread it is! (what)
做题技巧：从右往左看，先划掉感叹号前的主语和谓语，剩下的是名词就用what,剩下的是形容词或者副词就用how。当然名词还需辨别可数不可数来确定是否有冠词a/an。
三．疑问句。
疑问句有一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。
1. 一般疑问句：需要用yes或no来回答。结构：助动词+主语+谓语。
h**e you locked the door? yes, i h**e.
can you play the piano? yes, i can.
2. 特殊疑问句：对句子中某一特殊部分提问的疑问句。
结构：特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句。
特殊疑问词：“非常6+1”，即6个w开头的疑问词（what/who/which/where/when/why）和1个h(how)开头的疑问词。
★how 与what的其他用法。
⑴how much money do you want?
how many pictures did you buy?
how fast does he drive?
how often do you go abroad?
how many times do you go swimming in summer?
how soon will you come back?
how long h**e you been here？
（2）what number are you?
what color is your coat?
what time is it?
what day is it today?
3. 选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择的。
选择疑问句不能用yes和no回答，其答案只能是问句中提到的两个选择之一，如果考试**现选择疑问句的选择题，选项中的yes和no都要排除。
do you like tea or coffee？ i like coffee.
do you speak english or french? i speak english
who runs faster, tom or john? tom.
4.反意疑问句：附在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问。
结构：助动词/情态动词+主语， 前肯后否，前否后肯。
小升初英语考试中，一般以填空或者选择的形式，让孩子把反义疑问句后半句补充完整，从而来考察孩子对反义疑问句的掌握。
he likes playing football, doesn’t he?
he can speak english, can’t he?
★其他类型反意疑问句的用法。
（1）there be 变成be there
there are 3 dogs, aren’t there?
there will be a meeting tomorrow, won’t there?
(2)祈使句后的反意疑问句：肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you 或won’t you, 否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用will you。
pass me a book, will you?
h**e another cup of tea, won’t you?
don’t watch too much tv, will you?
★★let’s go shopping, shall we?
let us go now, will you?
(3)陈述部分用 no, no one, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely,等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
birds rarely build nests in our garden, do they?
he hardly says such words, does he?
(4)陈述句的主语是不定代词everything, something, anything, nothing时，其后的反意疑问句主语用it。
everything is right, isn’t it?
nothing is in the box, is it?
(5)陈述句的主语是不定代词everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, none时，其后的反意疑问句主语用they。
everybody has got the new books, h**en’t they?
everyone knows his job, don’t they?
anyone can do that, can’t they?
no one is interested in math, are they?
★不定代词做主语的反义疑问句，指物的一般用it反问，指人的用they反问。
(6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
she usted to climb the mountain, usedn’t she?/didn’t she?
(7)陈述部分有had better + do, 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
you'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
(8) 含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中，简短问句一般反映主句中主、谓之间的关系。
she said that they were happy, didn’t she?
you think that you are funny, don’t you
但如果主句是i think, i believe等时，则简短问句反映的是that从句中主语与谓语之间的关系。
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