考博作文资料背诵版（考试后整理）
第一部分：写作的基本类型。
1. 体育类：competition, stamina, victory, glory, honor, achievement, dedication
2. 工作类：cooperation, commitment, devotion, talent, ability
3. 环保类：environment, resources, ecological balance, species extinction,4.
传媒：electronic media, on-line addict, communication,
5. 老年人： elders, senior citizens, retired people
6. 交通方式：means of transportation, public transit, traffic jams, accidents
7. 娱乐：entertainment, diversion, recreation, leisure activities, a relaxed life
8. 教育：education, sustainable development
9. 文化：culture, convention, tradition, integrity, wisdom, intelligence, heritage
第二部分基本策略。
第一个模板。
策略1: 支持或者反对： there’s a solid reason for the statement that 重要/获益/有害/不获益。
次段：原因/举例： clearly, as i can see it, 主题词 plays a key role（threatens to do more harm than good）in our society, so we are supposed to emphasize its importance(threat) in our everyday life.
one reason is that by doing so, it is possible for us to延伸and 延伸。 the other reason(example) is that we are more likely to 延伸 and 延伸。 so it is safe to say that the central position(potential threat) of 主题词 cannot be ignored.
三段：让步比较/建议整改：some people might point out that 延伸，hence the conclusion that延伸。
even such possibility exists, it doesn’t run counter to the statement that 第二段观点。 such a conclusion might be conservative, but it is more realistic, persuasive and convincing.
四段：整改措施：in this issue, researchers and experts are supposed to take concrete steps:
whatever approach they take, a feedback mechanism is central of all things. for another thing, journalists are obliged to remind people of the central position of主题词and the potential harm of主题词。 as for the citizens, it is important for them to watch out for the misconducts, extending their helping hands and foster rational values.
but the best policy for them is to learn self-control.
修正了的第二个模板。
策略2：既不支持、也不反对：to simplify the issue that whether we should…, one has to take two aspects into consideration and give each of them due attention, one of them being名词， the other being名词。
次段：原因举例：clearly, as i can see it, 主题词 plays a key role in our society, so we are supposed to emphasize its importance in our everyday life.
one reason is that by doing so, it is possible for us to延伸and 延伸。 the other reason is that we are more likely to 延伸 and 延伸。 so it is safe to say that the central position of 主题词cannot be ignored.
三段：平衡比较：despite the statement that总结第二段，there’re two things to note.
one possibility(example) is that延伸。 the other (instance) is that延伸。 some readers might think that they are exceptions, but they do exist in our society and equally deserve our attention.
四段：to sum up, it can be concluded that while第三段观点，第二段观点。 such a conclusion might be conservative, but it is more convincing, realistic and persuasive.
第三部分：第二段和第三段的写作思路。
1）重要有害要重视；2）挣钱省时担责任；3）方便快捷要安全；4）娱乐要注意健康；
5）帮助别人成就自我；6）遵守法律和道德；7）发展兼顾文化环境。
第四部分延伸句写作。
延伸句的基本理念：
there’re, of course, five grounds with which a passage is censured, that is, it is impossible, irrational, inconsistent, immoral and technically at fault.
-aristotle
一篇文章受到质疑，共有五大原因：不可能、不合理、不一致、不道德、技术上有缺陷。
-亚里斯多德。
写作经验1：尽量单点延伸，不要什么都说，沿着“态度-行为-结果-影响”模式展开。
写作经验2：轻易不要吐露“利大于弊”这类说法，这样会带来更多的模板背诵。
写作经验3：实证写作，二三段内容具体，最没有模板痕迹。
写作经验4：注意以下题材：1）时尚、2）广告、3）环境。
money is important, and then many people give priority to its role. by doing so, they (always/sometimes/hardly/seldom)行为延伸work in their spare time and make good money. for another thing, it is possible for them to pay for their living cost.
延伸句写作的说法。
态度→行为→结果→影响。
一、挣钱物质（选三）(养老、兼职工作)
1. benefit greatly（little） from 主题词 because its reward is huge.可以从中获益，因为它的回报巨大。
2. obtain(purchase)some necessities such as(including)food and clothes得到食品衣服。
3. be sheltered from bad weather or danger有地方住，能不受天气困扰，不受伤害。
4. as economy improves, more people can earn handsome salary and obtain well-paid positions，enjoy a paid vacation.挣得丰厚的收入、得到好工作、享受带薪假期。
5. afford their living cost such as housing(room rent房租), private cars, tuition fee, gas, car repair, and medical care: 承受生活开销，例如买得起房（承受得起房租）车、上得起学、能修车（承受得起修车费）、能买油（承受得起油钱）、看得起病。
6. improve their living standards改善生活水平，lead(live) an easy, comfortable and peaceful life过上舒适的生活，enjoy their late years安享晚年。
7. trade one’s honor for dirty money为钱失去尊严，break a company’s (national) rules 违法乱纪，leak the business secrets to the competitors不向竞争对手泄露商业机密，risk their lives for money为了金钱铤而走险。
二、时间（选一）（娱乐、上网、专职兼职工作、疲劳驾驶、酒后驾驶）
1. they occupy much time that should h**e been spent(invested)on their (work)academic studies 占用很多本来应该花在学业上的时间。
2. stay up late and neither sleep regular hours nor eat sensibly熬夜、睡眠、饮食不规律。
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