few, little, a few, a little
a) few + 可数名词， (a) little + 不可数名词。
a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点。
few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了。
he has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
he has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
we still h**e a little time. 我们还有点时间。
there is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
典型例题：although he 's wealthy，he spends___on clothes.
a. little b. few c. a little d. a few
答案： a. spend所指的是钱，不可数，只能用little或 a little.
本句为although引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用little表示几乎不。
固定搭配：only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many)
many books were sold. many a book was sold.卖出了许多书。
only a few journalists were allowed inside. 只有几个新闻记者获准进入会场。
it took us only a few minutes to get through the customs. 我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。
not a few of my friends are vegetarian. 我朋友中不少人吃素。
quite a few people came to the lecture. 有相当多的人来听讲。
he has quite a few friends.他有不少的朋友。
quite a few of our sale staff are women.我们相当多的销售人员是妇女。
i've been married for quite a few years.我结婚已经有好几年了。
many a woman has great influence on her husband. 许多女人对丈夫有很大影响。
we've been here many a time. 我们这儿已来过多次。
many a student likes to read this magazine．很多学生喜欢读这本杂志。
many a day was spent preparing the new textbooks．好多天时间花在编写新的教科书上。
many, much
many，much都意为"许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不可数名词。
how many people are there at the meeting?
how much time has we left?
many of the workers were at the meeting.
much of the time was spent on learning.
how many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少个学生？
many people would like to take holidays abroad. 许多人愿意到国外度假。
many dogs h**e a good nose. 多数狗嗅觉都很灵。
many diseases are caused by bacteria. 许多疾病是由细菌引起的。
many people believe that prison isn't a cure for crime. 许多人都相信监禁解决不了犯罪问题。
i don't suppose you h**e much time. 我想你不会有很多时间。
all the furniture in the room had much carving. 房间里所有的家具上都有许多雕刻。
how much rent do you pay? 你付多少租金？
the english do not drink much wine. 英国人喝酒不多。
he hasn't much money left. 他剩下的钱不多了。
there is not much hope. 无多大希望。
the”的妙用。
he is one of the students who help me.
he is the one of the students who helps me.他是帮我的学生之一。
第一句定语从句与the students 一致。第二句定语从句与the one 一致。
冠词 art.
1.这(个),那(个)
do you know the man talking to the boss? 你认识那个在跟老板说话的男人吗？
2.这些，那些。
h**e you got the letters i sent you? 我寄给你的那几封信收到了吗？
副词 ad.
1.(用于形容词、副词比较级前)越。越。
the sooner, the better. 越快越好。
the older he gets, the more active he becomes. 他越老越活跃。
2.(用于比较级前)更加。
if you put in a good word for him, he's all the more likely to get the job.
要是你替他说句好话，他就更有可能得到这份工作了。
he loved his wife and children, but he loved his country all the more．
他爱妻子儿女，但是他更爱祖国。
she is all the more beautiful for her shabby clothing (=because her clothing is shabby).
即使她衣衫褴褛，却显得更美丽了。
i respect him all the more because he has faults. 因为他有缺点，我反而更尊敬他。
the girl is all the more beautiful in her wedding gown. 那个女孩穿着婚纱格外美丽动人。
both, either, neither, all, any, none
这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在be 动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。
1) both (两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)， neither (两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。
neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。
形容词 a.
1.两者都不。
neither shoe fits comfortably. 两只鞋都不合脚。
代词 pron.
1.(两者之中)无一个。
neither of my friends has come yet. 我的两个朋友都还没来。
连接词 conj.
1.(与nor连用)既不。也不；也不。
we had neither money nor food. 我们既没有钱，也没有食物。
he neither drinks nor smokes. 他既不喝酒也不抽烟。
neither the father nor the son is interested in the film. 父子俩对这部电影都不感兴趣。
副词 ad.
1.(与no,not,never等连用)也不。
john can't swim." neither can i."
约翰不会游泳。" 我也不会。"
2) both，either
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
there are flowers on both sides of the street.
both of them like popular songs. 他们两人都喜欢流行歌曲。
both her children go to the same school. 她的两个孩子在同一个学校读书。
both...and...不但…而且…； 既…又…
both new york and london h**e traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
both teaching and research work are ****** great strides. 教学与科研都在大踏步前进。
he has known both grief and happiness. 忧患和快乐他都经历过。
形容词 a.
1.两。都),两个。都)
both his eyes were severely burned. 他的双眼都严重烧伤了。
代词 pron.
1.两者(都);两个(都);双方(都)
why not buy both? 为什么不把两件都买下？
副词 ad.
1.并；又；两者皆。
we like amy and phil both. 艾米和菲尔两个我们都喜欢。
连接词 conj.
1.既。且。和。都。
the prospects both excited and worried me. 这前景既使我激动又令我忧虑。
(两岸)there are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的两边)路边长满了野花。
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