第十三讲功能意念和话题。
社会交往（social communications）
日常生活中礼貌的问候能使双方的关系更融洽。掌握地道实用的英语口语，在适当的场合能使用得体的语言与人交流十分重要。
1)问候（greetings）
a. 熟人之间：问候方式比较随意，常用的问候语。
hi/hello
good morning/afternoon/evening.
-how are you?
-i'm fine, thank you. and you?
b. 陌生人之间：分正式和非正式场合。
正式：how do you do? how do you do?
nice to meet you! nice to meet you, too!
2)介绍（introduction）
a.自我介绍。
my name is jim.
i am jim.
i’m a student.
i’m from england.
b.介绍他人常用语。
this is mr./mr./miss/ ms brown.
i’d like you to meet bob.
this is my friend bob.
3)告别 (farewells )
恰如其分地使用告别语可以给人留下深刻的印象。常用如下：
good-bye /bye / bye--bye.
good night.
see you later/ then / tomorrow / soon.
i am sorry i h**e to go now.
h**e a good trip!
take care!
4）感谢 (thanks )
英语礼貌用语很多，尤其在接受别人的帮助、夸奖、邀请、礼品时，都要表示感谢。常用的有：
thank you (very much).
thanks a lot.
thank you for your help.
it‘s very kind/ nice of you.
回答： it’s a pleasure.
my pleasure.
that’s ok /all right.
you’re welcome.
5)道歉 (apologies)
在日常生活中，我们常因不小心而碰了别人、说错了话、打扰到别人、碰坏别人的东西或当着别人的面咳嗽等有损形象的事情而向别人道歉。常用的有：
sorry.
i’ m sorry.
excuse me, please.
i beg your pardon.
i’m sorry l’ m late.
回答：that‘s ok.
it’s a1l right.
never mind.
it doesn’t matter.
6）邀请 (invitation)
在生活中，我们总是邀请一些朋友参加聚会或一起去出游等，这时就用到邀请的句型：
wou1d you like to go for a walk?
may l invite you to dinner?
what / how about h**ing a swim?
肯定回答：ok.
thank you.
i’d like that, thanks.
yes, i’d love to.
that would be very nice.
否定回答：no, thank you.
it’s very nice of you, but my mother is ill.
i’d love to, but i’m afraid i h**e no time.
i’ m sorry i can’t. what about another time?
7 )请求允许 (asking for permission )
may i come in?
can / could i use your telephone?
would / do you mind if i open the window?
肯定回答： yes, please.
sure.certainly.
that’s all right.
of course, you can.
否定回答：i’ m sorry, it’s not allowed.
i’m afraid not.
you’d better not.
8)祝愿和祝贺 (expressing wishes and congratulations)
每逢节日或喜庆之时，我们都会对亲朋表示祝福和祝贺。
h**e a good day / time!
h**e a good journey / trip!
good luck!
enjoy yourself!
best wishes for you.
happy new year!
merry christmas!
happy birthday!
congratulations!
well done!
回答：thank you.
you, too.
the same to you.
9)提供帮助 (offering help)
英语中，看到别人有困难，经常主动提出帮助别人。我们经常使用的有：
do you want me to clean the room?
can i help you?
would you like me to help you?
what can i do for you?
let me take your bags.
肯定回答：yes, please.
yes, thanks.
thank you. that would be nice / fine.
thank you for your (the) help.
否定回答：no, thanks / thank you.
thank you all the same.
that’s very kind of you, but i can manage it myself.
10)打** (****** telephone calls )
生活中，我们经常打**联系亲朋。经常使用的语言有：
hello! may i speak to tom?
hello! i’d like to speak to mr. green.
is that liu ying speaking?
can i le**e a message?
i‘ll call back later / again.
i’ll ring him/ her up again.
回应： hello! this is mary speaking.
hello, who is that?
hold the line, please.
just a moment, please.
hello, who’s speaking?
sorry. he /she isn’t here right now.
can i take a message?
sorry. i can’t hear you.
the line is bad / busy.
i couldn’t get through.
sorry, i’m afraid you h**e the wrong number.
11)就餐(h**ing meals)
would you like something to eat / drink?
what would you like (to h**e) ?
would you like some more fish?
help yourself to some fish.
肯定回答： yes, i’d like a drink.
i‘d like rice and chicken.
just a little, please.
can i h**e some more soup?
it’s so delicious. thank you.
i like green tea.
否定回答：no, thank you. i‘ve had enough.
i’m full, thank you
l2) 就医 (seeing the doctor)
生活中，我们偶尔会生病，看医生。医生常问的有：
what’s the matter?
do you h**e a fever?
how long h**e you felt like this?
it’s nothing serious.
take this medicine three times a day.
you‘ll be all right / well soon.
病人的回答： i h**e a headache / cough / fever.
i feel terrible / bad.
i don’t feel well.
i’ve got a pain here.
it hurts here.
i can’t sleep well.
（13)购物 (shopping)
我们经常出门购物，在商场里经常发生一些对话。就像这样的：
can / may i help you?
what can i do for you?
how many /much would you like?
what color /size / kind would you like?
what about this one?
here’s your change.
回答： i want /i‘d like a pair of shoes.
how much is it/ are they?
may i try it on?
it’s too big /small.
sorry, it’s too expensive.
do you h**e any other colors / sizes / kinds?
two and a half kilo / pounds, please.
that’s fine. i’ll take it.
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