形容词比较级最高级

发布 2020-01-08 09:33:28 阅读 4215

1.比较级:句子表示两者之间的比较时用比较级,其标志词是than, much, a little , even和still等。

① her hair is much longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长多了。

② i'm a little older than you. 我比你大一点儿。

2.最高级:句子表示三者或多者的比较时用最高级,其标志词是表示范围的in…或of …介词短语。在句子中,形容词最高级前必须加the。

① the boy is the tallest in our class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。

which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?

★形容词的比较级和最高级:

形容词有三种等级:原级、比较级、最高级。

3.原级:句中只有一者时用原级,其标志词是very, so, too, quite等。

his handwriting is very good.他的书法很好。 (一个人不作比较。)

★ 形容词比较级和最高级的构成:

1.一般在原级后加er 构成比较级,加est构成最高级。

small smaller smallest

young younger youngest

2.以不发音的字母e 结尾的形容词,直接加r 或st 构成比较级和最高级。

nice nicer nicest

late later latest

3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词,变y为i ,再加er 或est, 构成比较级和最高级。

busy busier busiest

he**y he**ier he**iest

4.在重读闭音节中,末尾只有一个辅音字母的形容词,要先双写这个辅音字母,再加er或est, 构成比较级和最高级。

hot hotter hottest

big bigger biggest

5.个别形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则变化,需个别记忆。

good (well) better best

bad (badly, ill) worse worst

many (much) more most

little less least

far farther farthest

或 further furthest

★ 副词的比较级和最高级:

1.以ly 结尾的副词,除early 变为 earlier 和 earliest 外, 其余一律在其前加more 和most。 如:

carefully - more carefully - most carefully

2.规则变化直接加er 和 est 。 如:fast - faster-fastest

3.个别词是不规则变化,需要特别记忆。

4.句子中,副词最高级前的the 可省略也可以不省略,但形容词最高级前面的the 绝对不能去掉。

who runs (the) fastest, tom, jim or mike?

一、被动语态概述。

语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。

如:he opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)

the door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)

二、被动语态的构成。

被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。

1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:

2、被动语态的句式变化:

以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:

3、含有情态动词的被动语态。

情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,"be+过去分词"部分不变。如:

tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。

tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)

can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗?(疑问句)

三、主动语态变为被动语态。

转换图示:1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:

(1)将主动句的宾语变为主语:

注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如:

tom killed him. →he was killed by tom.

(2)将动词改为"be+过去分词"。

注意:they held a meeting yesterday. →a meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。

(3)将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。

注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。

he sang a song. →a song was sung by him.

2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:

含有双宾语,即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。

jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。

we were told the truth by jack.

the truth was told (to) us by jack.

四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意。

系动词无被动语态:以主动形式表示被动之意。

常见的系动词有:

① be动词。

② …起来(7个):look/seem/appear, feel(感觉,摸起来), sound, smell, taste

she seems/appears happy. it smells terrible.

③ (逐渐)变得/变成:become, grow, get, turn, come, go

his wish has come true.

people often went hungry in the old days.

the tree is growing tall.

④ 保持:keep, stay

we must keep quiet in the reading room.

五、下列动词(词组)没有被动式:

1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take

2、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。

○1、an accident was happened yesterday.(×昨天发生了一起事故。

an accident happened yesterday.

○2、the flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。

○3、the watch looks good.这表看起来很好。

○4、this book sells well.这本书畅销。

○5、the kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。

○6、the article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。

○7、the supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。

○8、the door won't close/shut. 这门关不上。

○9、the door locks easily. 这门容易锁。

○10、this material wears well (won't wear). 这种材料耐久(不耐久)

六、各种时态的被动语态举例(以动词do为例)

1.一般现在时(am/ is/ are +done)

english is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。

class meeting is held every thursday. 每周四都举行班会。

the classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。

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