语法专题---
形容词,副词比较级与最高级。
班级姓名。一. 概念:
1 形容词主要修饰___表示名词的属性,特征或性质,在句中作定语,表语及宾语补足语等。大多数的形容词与副词有三个等级:
a.原级,即形容词的___形式。
常用修饰语:very, so, too, quite,a little等。
b表示“较……”或”更……”
常用修饰语:much, a lot, far,even, still, a little, a bit,
five times等。
c表示“最……”
常见标志词:of, in等。
二. 构成:
形容词比较级与最高级的构成:
1.不规则变化:
俩好”(good/well
俩多”(many/much
坏/病”(bad/badly/ill
老/远”(old
far注意:old 的两个比较级有所不同:
older指年龄的大小;elder指亲兄弟,姐妹的长幼次序。
eg: my elder brother(哥哥) is two years older than me.
注意:far 的两个比较级有所不同:
farther强调距离的远;further 强调程度的深。
eg: we can’t go any farther steps.
let’s h**e a further study.
是“少”非“小”莫混淆(little
2. 规则变化:
三.用法。1. 原级:
a.常用于句型:主+ be+ adj. (是……的);…as…as (和。一样);
not so(as)…as… (不及……)中。
eg: the coat is expensive.
the coat is as expensive as that one.
2. 比较级:
a.常用于句型:主+be+ 形比+ (than+ 被比较对象)
eg: tara’s hair is a little longer (than paul’s).
b.特殊用法:
which/ who is + 比较级, a or b? 表示“在两个当中,哪个/谁更……”
eg: which is easier, english or chinese?
比较级 and 比较级。表示“越来越……”
eg: when the winter is coming, it gets colder and colder.
the + 比较级+ 句子, the+ 比较级+ 句子。表示“越……就越……”
eg: the more we give, the more we get.
④ the + 比较级+ of the two 表示“两个当中较……的那个”
eg: my jacket is the newer of the two.
⑤比较级+ than any other+ 单数名词,表示“比范围内其他的任何……都……”
eg: china is larger than any other country in asia.
shanghai is larger than any other city in china.
在同一范围内,只能和其它对象进行比较)
shanghai is larger than any city in india(印度).
(在不同范围内,可以和其中任意一个对象进行比较)
比较要同类,在同一范围内,排除自身的方法用other,在不同的范围内,不用other.
⑥比较级中的代替“that”(代替单数名词)“those”(代替复数名词)
eg:the weather in beijing is hotter than that in shanghai.
the pants in this shop are cheaper than those in that shop.
3. 最高级:
a.常用于句型:主+be+ the + 形最+ (名词+of/in+ 范围)
eg: he is the tallest student of the three.
he is the tallest student in the class.
b.特殊用法:
one of + 最高级+名词复数, 表示“最……之一”
eg: china is one of the oldest countries in the world.
the + 序数词+最高级(前面不用the, 表示“第几”
eg: this river is the second longest in the city.
which/ who+ is + 最高级, a,b or c? 表示“在三个当中,……是最……的”
eg: who is the most outgoing, lucy, tina or lisa ?
注意:形容词最高级前一般要加the, 但如有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格或专有名词修饰时,其前不再用the.
④“a + 最高级”表示“非常”,“the +最高级”表示“最”
eg: this is a most difficult question. 这是一个非常难的问题。
this is the most difficult question. 这是一个最难的问题。
形容词比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
eg: li lei is the tallest student in his class. 李雷是他班上最高的学生。
=li lei is taller than any other student in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何一个学生都高。
=li lei is taller than anyone else in his class. 李雷比班上其他所有的学生都高。
li lei is taller than anyone else in his class. 李雷比班上其他任何人都高。
另外,表示相同的意思,还可以有同义句:
no one is as tall as li lei in his class. 在班里没有人和李雷一样高。
no one is taller than li lei in his class. 在班里没有人比李雷高。
li lei is taller than any of the other students in his class. 李雷比班里其他任何学生都高。
li lei is taller than the rest of students in his class. 李雷比他班里其余的学生都高。
四. 副词的比较级和最高级。
在句中主要作修饰动词,形容词和其它副词。下面将副词well-better-best举例说明:
eg:tom swims well.
tom swims better than his friend.
tom swims (the)best of all his friends.
副词最高级前the可加可不加。
语法练习:一) 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:(18’)
fastwideeasy
smalllargedirty
longrudebusy
hotthinfat
fewgoodlittle
badlyfardifficult
二)用所给词的正确形式填空:(28’)
1. which lesson isdifficult) in book 2?
2. alice writescarefully ) than i.
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