英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）
表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）、状语 (adverbial)、补足语 (complement） 、
同位语（appositive）
(一). 指出下列句中主语的主语。
the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② there is an old man coming here.
③ the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ to do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(二) 挑出下列句中的谓语和宾语
① my brother hasn't done his homework.
② people all over the world speak english.
③ you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ how many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
⑥ the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦ they made him monitor of the class.
⑧ go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨ you will find it useful after you le**e school.
⑩ they didn't know who "father christmas" really is.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① the old man was feeling very tired.
② why is he worried about jim?
③ the le**es h**e turned yellow.
④ soon they all became interested in the subject.
⑤ she was the first to learn about it.
(四) 挑出下列句中的定语。
① they use mr./ mrs. with the family name.
② what is your given name?
③ on the third lap are class 1 and class 3.
④ i am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤ the man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥ i am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语。
① she likes the children to read news*****s and books in the reading-room.
② he asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ she found it difficult to do the work.
④ they call me lily sometimes.
⑤ i saw mr. wang get on the bus.
⑥ did you see li ming playing football on the playground just now?
(六) 挑出下列句中的状语。
① there was a big smile on her face.
② every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ he began to learn english when he was eleven.
④ the man on the motorbike was tr**eling too fast.
⑤ with the medicine box under her arm, miss li hurried off.
⑥ she loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ i am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ the students followed uncle wang to see the other machine.
(七) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语。
① please tell us a story.
② my father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ mr. li is going to teach us history next term.
④ here is a pen. give it to tom.
⑤ did he le**e any message for me?
一、英语基本句型-1主谓结构/s(主）+ vi（不及物动词）（谓）
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成， 常用来表示主语的动作。
如：the sun rises. tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如：1. the red sun rises in the east.
2. so they had to tr**el by air or boat.
got up early so as to catch the first bus.
4. she sat there alone, reading a novel.
5. he came back when we were eating.
buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
巩固练习1：
1．她昨天回家很晚。
2．会议将持续两个小时。
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大。
4．2023年，在北京爆发了“五。四”运动。
5．每天八时开始上课。
二、英语基本句型-2
主系表结构/s (主）+ lv ( 系动词）+ p（表）
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有：
1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
如：our english teacher is thirty years old.
the cake tastes delicious.
we feel used to living in big cities.
the potatoes went bad in the fields.
their boss seems satisfied with the work.
deep water stays still.
巩固练习2：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长。
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3．孩子们很少保持安静。
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5．他失业了。
三、英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构/s (主）+ vt （及物动词）（谓）+ o（宾）
本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。
如：1. tom made a hole in the wall.
2. i don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. they h**en’t decided where to go next.
4. she stopped teaching english two years ago.
5. it took them ten years to build the dam.
6. mother promises to give me a present.
巩固练习3：
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3．这本书他读过多次了。
4．他们成功地完成了计划。
5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
四、英语基本句型4 双宾语结构/s (主)+vt（谓）+ ino（间接宾）+ do（直接宾）
说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。
如：he brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。
如：he brings cookies to me every day.
she made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
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