小升初-动词(包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词。)
1、be动词(am,is,are,过去式am—was,is–was,are--were)
口诀:i用am,you用are,is用在他她它,单数is复数are
be动词的否定形式:amnot(没有缩写形式),arenot=aren’t,isnot=isn’twasnot=wasn'twerenot=weren’t
2、助动词(do,does,did后面用动词原形)通常用在疑问句和否定句中。
do,does用于一般现在时,did用于一般过去时。
否定形式:donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t。
注意:在一般现在时中,does用于第三人称单数,其余用do;
3、情态动词(和助动词一样后面的动词用原形)
如:can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might、must。
否定形式:cannot=can’twillnot=won’t
4、行为动词(表示某一动作或行为。如:say,read,run,swim等。)
四种变化形式:原形、第三人称单数+s /es、现在分词/动名词+ing、过去式+ed。
1)动词第三人称单数变化规则:
a、一般直接加―s,如:play–plays,visit–visits,speak–speaks;
b、以s,x,sh,ch结尾时,加―es,如:catch–catches,watch–watches;
c、以―辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i再加―es,如:carry–carries,study–studies。
2)现在分词(动名词)构成规则:
a、一般直接加ing,如:go–going,do–doing,look–looking;
b、以不发音的e结尾的单词,去e加―ing,如:take–taking,make–******,h**e–h**ing;
c、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加ing,如:stop–stopping,run–running,swim–swimming,3)过去式构成规则:
a、一般直接加ed,如:plant–planted,visit–visited,pick–picked;
b、以不发音字母e结尾,直接加d,如:like–liked,taste–tasted尝;
c、 以辅音字母+y结尾时,变y为i再加ed,如:carry–carried,study–studied
d、以重读闭音节结尾的词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,需要双写这个字母再加ed,如:stop–stopped;
e、不规则变化, 如eat-ate, see-saw, h**e/has-had,sing-sang, do/does-did
一。 用适当的be动词填空。
1. i __a doctor. 2.mike __ill today.
3. these___new books. 4.tom and i___at school now.
5. i __glad to see you. 6.__they your parents?
7. look at this dog .it___lovely. 8.you and i __good friends.
9. a: what___this in english? b: it __an egg
10.there __a banana and two apples in the bag.
11.__there any water in the bottle ?
12.those girls __in the same class.
13.there __two books and a pencil case in the bag.
14.a: what___your name ? b: my name __judy.
15. _this your sister ? 16.the bread __for you.
二、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drinkgo __stay __make __
look___h**e___pass___carry___wash
come___watch___plant___fly __
study___brush___doteach___
三、写出下列动词的过去式 (先不做)
is\amfly___lie___aredrink___play___go___make __does___
lose___win___ask___teacheat___
hurt___put __throw___catchfall___dobuy___see___shop___
begin___sit___come___take___miss __
like___get___forge___think___say __
find___draw___can___break___give __
四、情态动词。
一) 用适当的情态动词填空。
1. must i borrow the book with my id card? no, you
2i use your car? yes, you
3i go home now? no, youstay here.
mother is ill. istay at home and look after her.
5you like some tea?
6. youtake more exercise.
7you tell me how to get to the qingyun park?
8. the clocktell us the time.
9you like to go fishing with me?
10we play football this afternoon?
二) 按要求改写句子。
can run fast. ifast. (否定句)
must return the book now.(一般疑问句)
i the book now? no, you
3. he can play basketball well. (一般疑问句)
he __basketball well?
4. they must take the books out of the room. (否定句)
theythe books out of the room.
should get up early.(否定句)
he __get up late.
五、写出下列动词的现在分词:
play___runswimmake
golike___writeski
read___h**esingdance___
putsee___buylove
live___takecomeget___
stopsitbegin___shop
五、选择题。
)1. what did he __yesterday? he __his homework.
a. did; did b. do; did c. do; do
)2. ivisit my friends this weekend.
a. go to b. am going to c. going to
)3. last summer. iin the lake and played on the beach.
a. swim b. swam c. will swim
)4. tom and mike __very excited, they will take a trip.
a. is b. are c. am
)5. i’m going to___homework tomorrow.
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