语法专项(一)七年级同步辅导8907期2008-11-12
二。 具体过程:
一)一般现在时。
1. 一般现在时的含义 ⑴ 表示现在的状态 ⑵ 表示经常或习惯性的动作 ⑶ 表示主语具备的性格和能力。
2. 一般现在时的谓语构成。
⑴ 动词be
肯定式 i am… 否定式 i am not…
you/we/they are… you/we/they aren’t…
she/he/it is… she/he/it isn’t…
疑问式和简略回答。
am i…? yes, you are. no, you aren’t.
are you…? yes, i am/we are. no, i am not/we aren’t.
are we/they…? yes, we/they are. no, we/they aren’t.
动词 do
肯定式 i/we/you/they+动词原形+其他成分。
she/he/it+动词第三人称单数形式+其他成分。
否定式 i/we/you/they don’t+动词原形+其他成分。
she/he/it doesn’t +动词原形+其他成分。
疑问式和简略回答。
do i/you/we/they+动词原形+其他成分。
yes, i/you/we/they do. no, i/you/we/they don’t.
does she/he/it +动词原形+其他成分。
yes, she/he/it does. no, she/he/it doesn’t.
一般现在时第三人称单数的构成。
规则变化。一般情况下直接+s work-works ask-asks see-sees
以s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾+es watch-watches go-goes do-does wash-washes
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加es try-tries study-studies fly-flies
不规则变化 h**e-has
练一练。1. 给出下列单词的第三人称单数形式。
play go hurry teach buy see
wash walk miss watch come say
2. 用所给动词的适当形式完成短文。
it’s ted’s first day at school in shanghai. the teacher __take) him to the classroom. the students___ask) him, “do) you speak english or chinese?
” he __say), both. my father is an englishman and my mother is a chinese woman.” ted __like)his new classmates.
after school, he __say) to his parents, i___love) my new school, teacher and classmates.
二)句子种类。
1)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1) 陈述句(declarative sentences):说明一个事实或陈述看法。
she is at home. 她在家。
he speaks english. 他讲英语。
2) 疑问句(interrogative sentences):提出问题。有以下四种:
a. 一般疑问句(general questions):
is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗?
b. 特殊疑问句(w questions; h questions):
where do you live? 你住哪儿?
how do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事?
c. 选择疑问句(alternative questions):
do you like tea or juice?
你是要茶还是果汁?
d. 反意疑问句(tag-questions):
he knows her, doesn’t he?
他认识她,对不对?
3) 祈使句(imperative sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
sit down, please. 请坐。
let’s go home! 让我们回家吧!
4)感叹句(exclamatory sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:
what good news it is! 多好的消息啊!
2)基本句型(basic sentence patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的:
1)主 + 动(sv)例如:
i work. 我工作。
2)主 + 动 + 表(svp)例如:
john is a teacher. 约翰是教师。
3)主 + 动 + 宾(svo)例如:
she studies english. 她学英语。
4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补(svoc)例如:
we think the job easy. 我们认为这个工作简单。
5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾(svoiod)例如:
my mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。
三)单数句变复数句。
1. 可数名词单数要变为其相应的复数形式。
it is a box.→ they are boxes.
2. 各个人称代词要由单数形式变为复数形式。
she is a girl.→ they are girls. i am at home.→ we are at home.
3. am或is 要变为are.
he is a teacher. →they are teachers.
4. 指示代词this或that要分别变为these或those。
this is a pencil.→ these are pencils.
5. 不定冠词a/an要去掉(固定搭配例外)。
it is a black cat.→ they are black cats.
6. man或 woman做定语修饰可数名词,在整个句子变成复数的情况下也要变成 men 或women.
she is a woman teacher.→ they are women teachers.
注意: 在单数句变复数句时,普通单数变为复数形式,但当名词修饰名词时,起修饰作用的名词不做变化。名词修饰名词常用单数。(man, woman除外)
this is a apple tree.→ these are apple trees.
练一练 单复数句转换
1. what is her name?
2. this quilt is green.
3. is that a pencil?
4. the box is on the table.
5. he is a man teacher.
6. they are white dogs.
7. these are our erasers.
模拟试题】(答题时间:80分钟)
一、根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词。
1. a computer game is very __有趣的)。
2. i eat lots of __蔬菜)every day.
3. my cousin likes __健康的)food.
4. the boys are running明星).
5. her sister likes___看) tv.
6. his name is jack smith. his f___is smith.
7. you can b___the books here.
8. what do you like for b___
9. can you p___computer games with me?
10. your sister h___a set of keys.
二、单项选择。
1. _you like apples?
a. are b. is c. do d. does
2. he __his lunch at school every day.
a. h**e b. has c. had d. will h**e
3. in the morning, we h**e __
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